Protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 2 (PTPN2) is an enzyme that dephosphorylates proteins with tyrosine residues, thereby modulating relevant signaling pathways in vivo. PTPN2 acts as tumor suppressor or tumor promoter depending on the context. In some cancers, such as colorectal, and lung cancer, PTPN2 defects could impair the protein tyrosine kinase pathway, which is often over-activated in cancer cells, and inhibit tumor development and progression. However, PTPN2 can also suppress tumor immunity by regulating immune cells and cytokines. The structure, functions, and substrates of PTPN2 in various tumor cells were reviewed in this paper. And we summarized the research status of small molecule inhibitors and degraders of PTPN2. It also highlights the potential opportunities and challenges for developing PTPN2 inhibitors as anticancer drugs.

中文翻译：

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PTPN2 及其小分子抑制剂/降解剂对蛋白质磷酸化的调节作为潜在的疾病治疗策略


蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶非受体 2 型 （PTPN2） 是一种用酪氨酸残基使蛋白质去磷酸化的酶，从而在体内调节相关的信号通路。PTPN2 根据环境充当肿瘤抑制因子或肿瘤促进因子。在某些癌症中，例如结直肠癌和肺癌，PTPN2 缺陷会损害蛋白酪氨酸激酶通路，该通路通常在癌细胞中被过度激活，并抑制肿瘤的发展和进展。然而，PTPN2 也可以通过调节免疫细胞和细胞因子来抑制肿瘤免疫。本文综述了 PTPN2 在各种肿瘤细胞中的结构、功能和底物。我们总结了 PTPN2 小分子抑制剂和降解剂的研究现状。它还强调了开发 PTPN2 抑制剂作为抗癌药物的潜在机遇和挑战。