In order to reach climate neutrality by 2050 the EU needs to overcome challenges relating to accelerating innovation, creating infrastructure, redirecting investments, and fostering cross-sectoral integration. In this policy brief, we present key policy lessons relating to these four challenges based on seven case studies on transformative policies from the period 2005–2022 in different EU countries. Two themes reappear in many of our lessons. First, policies could be improved if a holistic approach to innovation was taken, with policymakers considering how new (innovative) technologies substitute (or phaseout) old technologies. Second, rather than trying to incentivize firms or citizens through monetary returns, governments could make progress towards climate neutrality by reducing the efforts required from firms and citizens to participate in the carbon neutrality transition, e.g., reducing administrative burdens.

中文翻译：

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欧洲变革政策的经验教训


为了到 2050 年实现气候中和，欧盟需要克服与加速创新、建设基础设施、重新调整投资和促进跨部门一体化相关的挑战。在本政策简报中，我们基于 2005 年至 2022 年不同欧盟国家转型政策的七个案例研究，提出了与这四个挑战相关的关键政策经验教训。有两个主题在我们的许多课程中反复出现。首先，如果采取整体创新方法，政策制定者考虑新（创新）技术如何替代（或逐步淘汰）旧技术，政策就可以得到改进。其次，政府不应该试图通过金钱回报来激励企业或公民，而是可以通过减少企业和公民参与碳中和转型所需的努力（例如减少行政负担）来在气候中和方面取得进展。