Plants and algae play a crucial role in the earth's ecosystems. Through photosynthesis they convert light energy into chemical energy, capture CO2 and produce oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds. Photosynthetic organisms are primary producers and synthesize the essential omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids. They have also unique and highly diverse complex lipids, such as glycolipids, phospholipids, triglycerides, sphingolipids and phytosterols, with nutritional and health benefits. Plant and algal lipids are useful in food, feed, nutraceutical, cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical industries but also for green chemistry and bioenergy. The analysis of plant and algal lipidomes represents a significant challenge due to the intricate and diverse nature of their composition, as well as their plasticity under changing environmental conditions. Optimization of analytical tools is crucial for an in-depth exploration of the lipidome of plants and algae. This review highlights how lipidomics analytical tools can be used to establish a complete mapping of plant and algal lipidomes. Acquiring this knowledge will pave the way for the use of plants and algae as sources of tailored lipids for both industrial and environmental applications. This aligns with the main challenges for society, upholding the natural resources of our planet and respecting their limits.

中文翻译：

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植物和藻类脂质组：分析、组成及其社会意义


植物和藻类在地球生态系统中发挥着至关重要的作用。通过光合作用，它们将光能转化为化学能，捕获二氧化碳并产生氧气和富含能量的有机化合物。光合生物是初级生产者，合成必需的欧米伽 3 和欧米伽 6 脂肪酸。它们还具有独特且高度多样化的复杂脂质，例如糖脂、磷脂、甘油三酯、鞘脂和植物甾醇，具有营养和健康益处。植物和藻类脂质可用于食品、饲料、营养品、药妆品和制药行业，也可用于绿色化学和生物能源。植物和藻类脂质组的分析面临着重大挑战，因为它们的成分复杂多样，并且在不断变化的环境条件下具有可塑性。分析工具的优化对于深入探索植物和藻类的脂质组至关重要。本综述重点介绍了如何使用脂质组学分析工具来建立植物和藻类脂质组的完整图谱。获得这些知识将为使用植物和藻类作为工业和环境应用的定制脂质来源铺平道路。这与社会面临的主要挑战相一致，保护地球的自然资源并尊重其极限。