The gut microbiome can play a crucial role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression through the enterohepatic circulation, primarily acting via metabolic reprogramming and alterations in the hepatic immune microenvironment triggered by microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), metabolites, and fungi. In addition, the gut microbiome shows potential as a biomarker for early HCC diagnosis and for assessing the efficacy of immunotherapy in unresectable HCC. This review examines how gut microbiota dysbiosis, with varied functional profiles, contributes to HCCs of different etiologies. We discuss therapeutic strategies to modulate the gut microbiome including diets, antibiotics, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and nano-delivery systems, and underscore their potential as an adjunctive treatment modality for HCC.

中文翻译：

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了解肠道菌群失调对肝细胞癌诊断和治疗的作用


肠道微生物组在肝细胞癌 （HCC） 通过肠肝循环的进展中起关键作用，主要通过微生物相关分子模式 （MAMP）、代谢物和真菌触发的肝免疫微环境的代谢重编程和改变发挥作用。此外，肠道微生物组显示出作为早期 HCC 诊断和评估免疫疗法对不可切除 HCC 疗效的生物标志物的潜力。本综述研究了具有不同功能特征的肠道微生物群失调如何导致不同病因的 HCC。我们讨论了调节肠道微生物组的治疗策略，包括饮食、抗生素、益生菌、粪便微生物群移植和纳米递送系统，并强调了它们作为 HCC 辅助治疗方式的潜力。