In recent years, enhancing the cooling of photovoltaic (PV) panels to improve overall energy efficiency has become a significant focus. In this study, we propose an improved power generation system integrating semiconductor thermoelectric generators (TEGs). The integration involves the installation of several heat pipes and serpentine copper tubes on the back of PV panels, with nanofluids flowing through the copper tubes as the working fluid, effectively cooling the PV panels. The copper tube is connected to the heat exchanger on the high-temperature side of the TEGs, forming a closed-loop circulation system. Consequently, the cooling fluid transfers heat to the hot surface of the TEGs, utilizing waste heat generated by the PV panels for electricity generation. The TEGs consist of 10 thermoelectric modules, with the low-temperature end in contact with the finned aluminum plate (TEGs radiator) and actively cooled by natural air cooling. Additionally, to validate the design rationale, multiple sets of comparative experiments were arranged. The experiments utilized nanofluids with volume fractions of 0.5 %, 1 %, 2 %, and 3 %, and water, as the cooling fluid. The experimental results demonstrated that the maximum operating temperature of the reference PV panel can reach 81.9 °C, and the average and maximum exergy efficiencies throughout a day are recorded at 16.91 % and 31.84 %, respectively. It’s noteworthy that the most significant cooling effect occurs when the nanofluid volume fraction is 2 %, reducing the maximum temperature of the PVT panel to 61.5 °C. Simultaneously, the average daily exergy efficiency and exergy efficiency of the PVT-TEG power generation system reached peak values of 21.06 % and 39.87 %, respectively. Compared to the reference PV panels, the output power of the PVT-TEG system increases by up to 30.51 %.

中文翻译：

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通过热管和 Fe3O4 纳米流体增强 PVT-TEG 发电系统的性能


近年来，增强光伏（PV）面板的冷却以提高整体能源效率已成为人们关注的焦点。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种集成半导体热电发电机（TEG）的改进发电系统。该集成涉及在光伏板背面安装多根热管和蛇形铜管，纳米流体作为工作流体流经铜管，有效冷却光伏板。铜管与TEG高温侧的热交换器连接，形成闭环循环系统。因此，冷却液将热量传递到 TEG 的热表面，利用光伏电池板产生的废热发电。 TEG由10个热电模块组成，低温端与翅片铝板（TEG散热器）接触，并通过自然风冷主动冷却。此外，为了验证设计原理，还安排了多组对比实验。实验采用体积分数为0.5%、1%、2%和3%的纳米流体和水作为冷却流体。实验结果表明，参考光伏电池板的最高工作温度可达81.9℃，一天的平均火用效率和最大火用效率分别为16.91%和31.84%。值得注意的是，当纳米流体体积分数为2%时，冷却效果最为显着，将PVT面板的最高温度降低至61.5℃。同时，PVT-TEG发电系统的平均日火用效率和火用效率分别达到峰值21.06%和39.87%。 与参考光伏电池板相比，PVT-TEG系统的输出功率增加了高达30.51%。