The power-H2-power system based on reversible solid oxide cell is a promising pathway for large-scale renewable energy storage but not well understood due to the absence of comprehensive system analyses. In this study, a reversible solid oxide cell-based H2 energy storage system for a 100 % renewable solar power plant is proposed and analyzed through detailed modeling approach and optimization framework. The detailed parametric analyses and economic evaluations are performed in electrolysis (12:00 pm, sufficient solar energy) and power generation (6:30 am, insufficient solar energy) conditions. Notably, it is found that larger stack capacity (Ncell) and higher operating temperature (TReSOC) of the cell enhances system net H2 production and system economics despite additional investment cost. Afterwards, the optimal system performance is obtained (VH2,produce = 498.40 Nm3·h−1, Z=263.59 $·h−1 for electrolysis, and VH2,consume = 380.33 Nm3·h−1 for power generation) through multi-objective optimization by fully considering cell internal operating characteristics and system energy-exergy-economic factors. Besides, it is also found that the performance of power-H2-power system is still limited by remarkable fuel (H2) costs for nighttime power generation (daytime H2 production is smaller than nighttime H2 consumption when Wtot = 1 MW). Therefore, the critical power capacity (Pcritical) is obtained, offering a convenient approach to determine the maximum output capacity (Pcritical = 880 kW) to make the power-H2-power system profitable at specific solar energy input. This study provides valuable insights between system capacity, economics, and cell operating features in solar power plants, which are useful for the design and optimization of practical power-H2-power systems for renewable energy storage.

中文翻译：

---

用于可再生太阳能发电厂的基于可逆固体氧化物电池的氢能存储系统


基于可逆固体氧化物电池的电力-氢气-电力系统是大规模可再生能源存储的一条有前途的途径，但由于缺乏全面的系统分析，人们还没有很好地理解。在本研究中，提出了一种用于 100% 可再生太阳能发电厂的基于可逆固体氧化物电池的氢气储能系统，并通过详细的建模方法和优化框架进行了分析。在电解（中午12:00，太阳能充足）和发电（早上6:30，太阳能不足）条件下进行详细的参数分析和经济评估。值得注意的是，我们发现，尽管有额外的投资成本，但电池堆容量 (Ncell) 和工作温度 (TReSOC) 较高，仍可增强系统净氢气产量和系统经济性。然后通过多目标获得最优系统性能（电解时VH2,product = 498.40 Nm3·h−1，Z=263.59 $·h−1，发电时VH2,consume = 380.33 Nm3·h−1）充分考虑电池内部运行特性和系统能量-火用-经济因素进行优化。此外，还发现电力-氢气-电力系统的性能仍然受到夜间发电显着的燃料（H2）成本的限制（当Wtot = 1 MW时，白天氢气产量小于夜间氢气消耗）。因此，获得了临界功率容量（Pritic），为确定最大输出容量（Pritic = 880 kW）提供了一种便捷的方法，以使电力-氢气-电力系统在特定的太阳能输入下盈利。 这项研究为太阳能发电厂的系统容量、经济性和电池运行特性提供了宝贵的见解，这对于可再生能源存储的实际电力-氢气-电力系统的设计和优化非常有用。