Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by cells and widely exist in body fluids, serving as an essential vehicle of intercellular communication. In recent years, EVs have gained significant attention owing to their ability to carry nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins of host and pathogen origins. A distinct composition of EVs during pathogenic infection contributes to mediating pathogenic infection, transmission, and immunity to target cells. Therefore, studying the role of EVs in pathogenic infection is crucial for understanding pathogen–host interactions and developing new anti-pathogenic therapies. This review offers an overview of current knowledge of EVs in the context of infection, transmission, and immunity to pathogens. Harnessing EVs’ biology during pathogenic infection may lay a foundation for the mitigation of pathogenic infection and associated disease outcomes.

中文翻译：

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细胞外囊泡在致病性感染、传播和免疫中的作用


细胞外囊泡（EV）由细胞分泌，广泛存在于体液中，是细胞间通讯的重要载体。近年来，EV由于其携带宿主和病原体来源的核酸、脂质和蛋白质的能力而受到广泛关注。病原体感染期间 EV 的独特组成有助于介导病原体感染、传播和对靶细胞的免疫。因此，研究 EV 在病原体感染中的作用对于了解病原体与宿主的相互作用和开发新的抗病原体疗法至关重要。这篇综述概述了电动汽车在感染、传播和病原体免疫方面的最新知识。在病原性感染期间利用 EV 的生物学特性可能为减轻病原性感染和相关疾病结果奠定基础。