Inhaled particulate matter (PM) is a key factor in millions of yearly air pollution-related deaths worldwide. The oxidative potential of PM indicates its ability to promote an oxidative environment. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause cell damage via oxidative stress, leading to inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, airway remodeling, and various cell death modes (apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis). ROS can also interact with macromolecules, inducing DNA damage and epigenetic modifications, disrupting homeostasis. These effects have been studied extensively in vitro and confirmed in vivo.

中文翻译：

---

颗粒物诱导的氧化应激——体外研究报告的机制见解和抗氧化方法


吸入颗粒物 (PM) 是全球每年数百万人因空气污染而死亡的关键因素。 PM 的氧化潜力表明其促进氧化环境的能力。过量的活性氧（ROS）可通过氧化应激引起细胞损伤，导致炎症、内质网应激、气道重塑和各种细胞死亡模式（细胞凋亡、铁死亡、细胞焦亡）。 ROS 还可以与大分子相互作用，诱导 DNA 损伤和表观遗传修饰，破坏体内平衡​​。这些效应已在体外进行了广泛研究并在体内得到证实。