Xylazine has been increasingly detected in illegally manufactured fentanyl (IMF) products and overdose deaths in the United States; most xylazine-involved overdose deaths involve IMF. A convenience sample of U.S. adults aged ≥18 years was identified from those evaluated for substance use treatment during July 2022-September 2023. Data were collected using the Addiction Severity Index-Multimedia Version clinical assessment tool. Among 43,947 adults, 6,415 (14.6%) reported IMF or heroin as their primary lifetime substance-use problem; 5,344 (12.2%) reported recent (i.e., past-30-day) IMF or heroin use. Among adults reporting IMF or heroin as their primary lifetime substance-use problem, 817 (12.7%) reported ever using xylazine. Among adults reporting recent IMF or heroin use, 443 (8.3%) reported recent xylazine use. Among adults reporting IMF or heroin use recently or as their primary lifetime substance-use problem, those reporting xylazine use reported a median of two past nonfatal overdoses from any drug compared with a median of one overdose among those who did not report xylazine use; as well, higher percentages of persons who reported xylazine use reported other recent substance use and polysubstance use. Provision of nonjudgmental care and services, including naloxone, wound care, and linkage to and retention of persons in effective substance use treatment, might reduce harms including overdose among persons reporting xylazine use.

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评估药物使用治疗的 18 岁以上成年人中报告的甲苯噻嗪使用情况 - 美国，2022 年 7 月至 2023 年 9 月。


在美国，越来越多的非法制造芬太尼 (IMF) 产品中检出赛拉嗪，并导致过量死亡；大多数与甲苯噻嗪有关的过量死亡都涉及国际货币基金组织。从 2022 年 7 月至 2023 年 9 月期间接受药物滥用治疗评估的人中确定了年龄≥18 岁的美国成年人的方便样本。使用成瘾严重程度指数多媒体版临床评估工具收集数据。在 43,947 名成年人中，6,415 人 (14.6%) 报告称 IMF 或海洛因是他们一生中主要的药物使用问题； 5,344 人 (12.2%) 报告最近（即过去 30 天）使用国际货币基金组织或海洛因。在报告 IMF 或海洛因是终生主要药物使用问题的成年人中，817 人 (12.7%) 报告曾经使用过甲苯噻嗪。在报告最近使用过 IMF 或海洛因的成年人中，443 人 (8.3%) 报告最近使用过甲苯噻嗪。在最近报告使用国际婴幼儿配方奶粉或海洛因或将其作为一生主要物质使用问题的成年人中，那些报告使用赛拉嗪的人报告过去因任何药物非致命性过量服用的中位数为两次，而没有报告赛拉嗪使用的人的中位数为一次过量服用；此外，报告使用甲苯噻嗪的人中报告最近使用过其他物质和多种物质的比例也较高。提供非评判性的护理和服务，包括纳洛酮、伤口护理以及与有效的药物滥用治疗人员建立联系并让他们接受治疗，可能会减少报告赛拉嗪使用者的伤害，包括过量用药。