The growing demand for sustainable materials has been driving research towards the use of biopolymers from natural resources. This study explores the valorization of lignin-rich solid residues derived from different eucalyptus wood conversion processes, specifically autohydrolysis (AHL), steam-explosion (SEL), and kraft pulping (EKL), via electrospinning. The potential of these electrospun nanostructures as eco-friendly oil structurant is investigated for lubricant applications. Solutions of AHL, SEL, and EKL fractions in a 3:1 v/v trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)/N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) binary solvent were prepared at concentrations of 0.015, 0.03, and 0.05 g/mL. AHL and SEL samples exhibited superior spinnability due to higher carbohydrate content and molecular weight and lower ash content. Increasing the solution concentration to 0.05 g/mL resulted in the consecution of larger average fiber diameters (up to 0.44 and 0.39 μm, for AHL and SEL, respectively) and reduced bead formation. Stable oleo-dispersions were achieved solely with electrospun homogeneous nanofiber mats, while nanostructures predominantly composed of electrosprayed particles, like those obtained with EKL produced physically unstable dispersions from which the oil readily separates. The rheological response and microstructure of oleo-dispersions were significantly affected by both the conversion process of eucalyptus wood and the spinning solution concentration. The rheological properties of the oleo-dispersions can be tailored by modifying the spinning solution concentration, with G′ values ranging from 5·10² to 5·10⁴ Pa and consistency and flow indices roughly ranging from 90 to 990 Pa sⁿ and from 0.06 to 0.19, respectively, depending on the nature of the lignin-rich fraction and the type of electrospun nanostructure employed. These results highlight the potential of electrospun nanostructures obtained from lignin-rich solid residues in advanced materials applications, promoting the valorization of waste streams derived from different biorefinery processes, as well as the development of novel environmentally friendly lubricants.

对可持续材料不断增长的需求一直推动着对使用自然资源生物聚合物的研究。本研究探讨了通过静电纺丝从不同桉树木材转化过程（特别是自水解（AHL）、蒸汽爆破（SEL）和硫酸盐制浆（EKL）中提取的富含木质素的固体残渣的价值。研究了这些静电纺丝纳米结构作为环保油结构剂在润滑剂应用中的潜力。将 AHL、SEL 和 EKL 级分在 3:1 v/v 三氟乙酸 (TFA)/ N,N-二甲基甲酰胺 (DMF) 二元溶剂中的溶液制备成浓度为 0.015、0.03 和 0.05 g/mL。由于较高的碳水化合物含量和分子量以及较低的灰分含量，AHL 和 SEL 样品表现出优异的可纺性。将溶液浓度增加至 0.05 g/mL 会导致平均纤维直径连续增大（AHL 和 SEL 分别达到 0.44 和 0.39 μm）并减少珠子形成。仅通过电纺均质纳米纤维垫即可实现稳定的油分散体，而主要由电喷雾颗粒组成的纳米结构（如使用 EKL 获得的纳米结构）会产生物理上不稳定的分散体，油很容易从中分离。油分散体的流变响应和微观结构受到桉木转化过程和纺丝溶液浓度的显着影响。油分散体的流变性能可以通过改变纺丝溶液浓度来调节，G'值范围为5·10 ²至5·10 ⁴ Pa，稠度和流动指数大致范围为90至990 Pa s ⁿ以及0.06 至 0。分别如图19所示，取决于富含木质素部分的性质和所采用的电纺纳米结构的类型。这些结果凸显了从富含木质素的固体残留物中获得的静电纺丝纳米结构在先进材料应用中的潜力，促进了不同生物精炼过程中产生的废物流的价值，以及新型环保润滑剂的开发。