Carboxylic Acid-Assisted Synthesis of Tin(II) Iodide: Key for Stable Large-Area Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells,ACS Energy Letters

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Carboxylic Acid-Assisted Synthesis of Tin(II) Iodide: Key for Stable Large-Area Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells
ACS Energy Letters ( IF 19.3 ) Pub Date : 2024-08-22 , DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.4c02027
Wiktor Żuraw _{1,

2,

3} , Dominik Kubicki ₄ , Robert Kudrawiec ₁ , Łukasz Przypis _{1,

2,

3}

Affiliation

Despite significant progress in tin-based perovskites, the development of stable and high-performance tin-based perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) remains a challenge. In this pursuit, a multitude of strategies have been explored, encompassing the use of reducing agents, antioxidants, bulky cations, and customized solvent systems. We propose an improved approach for synthesizing SnI₂ from elemental tin and iodine. Here, we generate tin nanoparticles grafted with a carboxylic acid in situ from tin powder–carboxylic acid-assisted synthesis (CAAS). This methodology not only improves the synthesis process of SnI₂ but also enhances precursor stability against oxidation. We use ¹¹⁹Sn MAS NMR to study the atomic-level structure of the resulting FASnI₃ thin films and find that the CAAS approach leads to highly pure and unoxidized material. We report remarkable reproducibility in fabricating large-area (1 cm²) flexible TPSCs with significant improvement in open-circuit voltage leading to the champion device showing a power conversion efficiency of 8.35%.

中文翻译：

羧酸辅助合成碘化锡（II）：稳定大面积无铅钙钛矿太阳能电池的关键

尽管锡基钙钛矿领域取得了重大进展，但稳定、高性能的锡基钙钛矿太阳能电池（TPSC）的开发仍然是一个挑战。在这一追求中，人们探索了多种策略，包括使用还原剂、抗氧化剂、大体积阳离子和定制的溶剂系统。我们提出了一种从元素锡和碘合成 SnI _{2 的}改进方法。在这里，我们通过锡粉-羧酸辅助合成（CAAS）原位生成了接枝有羧酸的锡纳米粒子。该方法不仅改进了SnI ₂的合成工艺，而且增强了前体的抗氧化稳定性。我们使用¹¹⁹ Sn MAS NMR 研究所得 FASnI ₃薄膜的原子级结构，发现 CAAS 方法可产生高纯度且未氧化的材料。我们报告了在制造大面积（1 cm ² ）柔性TPSC方面具有显着的可重复性，开路电压显着提高，导致冠军器件的功率转换效率达到8.35%。

更新日期：2024-08-22

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