Since the launch of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative in 1988, substantial progress has been made in the interruption of wild poliovirus (WPV) transmission worldwide: global eradication of WPV types 2 and 3 were certified in 2015 and 2019, respectively, and endemic transmission of WPV type 1 continues only in Afghanistan and Pakistan. After the synchronized global withdrawal of all serotype 2 oral poliovirus vaccines (OPVs) in 2016, widespread outbreaks of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) have occurred, which are linked to areas with low population immunity to poliovirus. Officials in Somalia have detected ongoing cVDPV2 transmission since 2017. Polio vaccination coverage and surveillance data for Somalia were reviewed to assess this persistent transmission. During January 2017-March 2024, officials in Somalia detected 39 cVDPV2 cases in 14 of 20 regions, and transmission has spread to neighboring Ethiopia and Kenya. Since January 2021, 28 supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) targeting cVDPV2 were conducted in Somalia. Some parts of the country are security-compromised and inaccessible for vaccination campaigns. Among 1,921 children with nonpolio acute flaccid paralysis, 231 (12%) had not received OPV doses through routine immunization or SIAs, 95% of whom were from the South-Central region, and 60% of whom lived in inaccessible districts. Enhancing humanitarian negotiation measures in Somalia to enable vaccination of children in security-compromised areas and strengthening campaign quality in accessible areas will help interrupt cVDPV2 transmission.

中文翻译：

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循环疫苗衍生脊髓灰质炎病毒的持续传播 - 索马里，2017 年 1 月至 2024 年 3 月。


自1988年启动全球根除脊髓灰质炎行动以来，在阻断全球野生脊髓灰质炎病毒（WPV）传播方面取得了实质性进展：分别于2015年和2019年在全球范围内消灭了2型和3型脊髓灰质炎病毒，并在全球范围内消灭了2型和3型脊髓灰质炎病毒。 WPV 1 型仅在阿富汗和巴基斯坦继续流行。 2016年全球同步撤回所有2血清型口服脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗（OPV）后，流行的疫苗衍生2型脊髓灰质炎病毒（cVDPV2）大范围暴发，这与人群对脊髓灰质炎病毒免疫力低下的地区有关。自 2017 年以来，索马里官员已检测到持续的 cVDPV2 传播。审查了索马里的脊髓灰质炎疫苗接种覆盖率和监测数据，以评估这种持续传播。 2017年1月至2024年3月期间，索马里官员在20个地区中的14个地区发现了39例cVDPV2病例，传播已蔓延至邻国埃塞俄比亚和肯尼亚。自 2021 年 1 月以来，索马里开展了 28 项针对 cVDPV2 的补充免疫活动 (SIA)。该国某些地区的安全状况较差，无法开展疫苗接种活动。在 1,921 名非脊髓灰质炎急性弛缓性麻痹儿童中，231 名（12%）没有通过常规免疫或 SIA 接受过 OPV 剂量，其中 95% 来自中南部地区，其中 60% 居住在交通不便的地区。加强索马里的人道主义谈判措施，以便能够为安全受损地区的儿童接种疫苗，并加强可进入地区的疫苗接种活动质量，将有助于阻断​​ cVDPV2 传播。