Terrestrial ecosystems are subjected to multiple global changes simultaneously. Yet, how an increasing number of global changes impact the resistance of ecosystems to global change remains virtually unknown. Here we present a global synthesis including 14,000 observations from seven ecosystem services (functions and biodiversity), as well as data from a 15-year field experiment. We found that the resistance of multiple ecosystem services to global change declines with an increasing number of global change factors, particularly after long-term exposure to these factors. Biodiversity had a higher resistance to multiple global changes compared with ecosystem functions. Our work suggests that we need to consider the combined effects of multiple global changes on the magnitude and resistance of ecosystem services worldwide, as ecosystem responses will be enhanced by the number of environmental stressors and time of exposure.

陆地生态系统同时遭受多种全球变化。然而，越来越多的全球变化如何影响生态系统对全球变化的抵抗力仍然未知。在此，我们提出了一份全球综合报告，其中包括来自七种生态系统服务（功能和生物多样性）的 14,000 项观测数据，以及来自 15 年实地实验的数据。我们发现，随着全球变化因素数量的增加，多种生态系统服务对全球变化的抵抗力下降，特别是在长期暴露于这些因素之后。与生态系统功能相比，生物多样性对多种全球变化具有更高的抵抗力。我们的工作表明，我们需要考虑多种全球变化对全球生态系统服务的规模和阻力的综合影响，因为生态系统的反应将因环境压力源的数量和暴露时间而增强。