The nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) is the most widespread xenarthran species across the Americas. Recent studies have suggested it is composed of 4 morphologically and genetically distinct lineages of uncertain taxonomic status. To address this issue, we used a museomic approach to sequence 80 complete mitogenomes and capture 997 nuclear loci for 71 Dasypus individuals sampled across the entire distribution. We carefully cleaned up potential genotyping errors and cross-contaminations that could blur species boundaries by mimicking gene flow. Our results unambiguously support 4 distinct lineages within the D. novemcinctus complex. We found cases of mito-nuclear phylogenetic discordance but only limited contemporary gene flow confined to the margins of the lineage distributions. All available evidence including the restricted gene flow, phylogenetic reconstructions based on both mitogenomes and nuclear loci, and phylogenetic delimitation methods consistently supported the 4 lineages within D. novemcinctus as 4 distinct species. Comparable genetic differentiation values to other recognized Dasypus species further reinforced their status as valid species. Considering congruent morphological results from previous studies, we provide an integrative taxonomic view to recognize 4 species within the D. novemcinctus complex: D. novemcinctus, D. fenestratus, D. mexicanus, and D. guianensis sp. nov., a new species endemic of the Guiana Shield that we describe here. The 2 available individuals of D. mazzai and D. sabanicola were consistently nested within D. novemcinctus lineage and their status remains to be assessed. The present work offers a case study illustrating the power of museomics to reveal cryptic species diversity within a widely distributed and emblematic species of mammals.

中文翻译：

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外显子捕获博物馆组学破译了九带犰狳物种复合体，并确定了圭亚那盾牌特有的新物种


九带犰狳 （Dasypus novemcinctus） 是美洲分布最广泛的异种。最近的研究表明，它由 4 个形态学和遗传学上不同的谱系组成，分类地位不确定。为了解决这个问题，我们使用了一种博物馆组学方法对 80 个完整的线粒体基因组进行测序，并捕获了整个分布中采样的 71 个 Dasypus 个体的 997 个核位点。我们仔细清理了潜在的基因分型错误和交叉污染，这些错误和交叉污染可能会通过模拟基因流来模糊物种边界。我们的结果明确支持 D. novemcinctus 复合体内的 4 个不同谱系。我们发现了有丝分裂核系统发育不一致的案例，但仅限于有限的当代基因流动局限于谱系分布的边缘。所有可用证据，包括受限基因流动、基于有丝分裂基因组和核位点的系统发育重建以及系统发育划定方法，都一致支持 D. novemcinctus 中的 4 个谱系是 4 个不同的物种。与其他公认的 Dasypus 物种相当的遗传分化值进一步加强了它们作为有效物种的地位。考虑到先前研究的一致形态学结果，我们提供了一个综合分类学观点来识别 D. novemcinctus 复合体中的 4 个物种：D. novemcinctus、D. fenestratus、D. mexicanus 和 D. guianensis sp. nov.，这是我们在这里描述的圭亚那地盾特有的新物种。D. mazzai 和 D. sabanicola 的 2 个可用个体始终嵌套在 D. novemcinctus 谱系中，其状态仍有待评估。 这项工作提供了一个案例研究，说明了博物馆组学在揭示广泛分布的标志性哺乳动物物种中神秘物种多样性的力量。