The nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) is the most widespread xenarthran species across the Americas. Recent studies have suggested it is composed of four morphologically and genetically distinct lineages of uncertain taxonomic status. To address this issue, we used a museomic approach to sequence 80 complete mitogenomes and capture 997 nuclear loci for 71 Dasypus individuals sampled across the entire distribution. We carefully cleaned up potential genotyping errors and cross contaminations that could blur species boundaries by mimicking gene flow. Our results unambiguously support four distinct lineages within the D. novemcinctus complex. We found cases of mito-nuclear phylogenetic discordance but only limited contemporary gene flow confined to the margins of the lineage distributions. All available evidence including the restricted gene flow, phylogenetic reconstructions based on both mitogenomes and nuclear loci, and phylogenetic delimitation methods consistently supported the four lineages within D. novemcinctus as four distinct species. Comparable genetic differentiation values to other recognized Dasypus species further reinforced their status as valid species. Considering congruent morphological results from previous studies, we provide an integrative taxonomic view to recognise four species within the D. novemcinctus complex: D. novemcinctus, D. fenestratus, D. mexicanus, and D. guianensis sp. nov., a new species endemic of the Guiana Shield that we describe here. The two available individuals of D. mazzai and D. sabanicola were consistently nested within D. novemcinctus lineage and their status remains to be assessed. The present work offers a case study illustrating the power of museomics to reveal cryptic species diversity within a widely distributed and emblematic species of mammals.

中文翻译：

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外显子捕获博物馆组学破译了九带犰狳物种复合体，并鉴定了圭亚那地盾特有的新物种。


九带犰狳（Dasypus novemcinctus）是美洲分布最广的异体动物物种。最近的研究表明它由四个形态和遗传上不同的谱系组成，但分类地位不确定。为了解决这个问题，我们使用博物馆组学方法对 80 个完整的线粒体基因组进行了测序，并捕获了整个分布范围内 71 个Dasypus 个体的 997 个核位点。我们仔细清除了潜在的基因分型错误和交叉污染，这些错误和交叉污染可能会通过模仿基因流来模糊物种界限。我们的结果明确支持 D. novemcinctus 复合体内的四个不同谱系。我们发现了线粒体核系统发育不一致的案例，但仅将当代基因流限制在谱系分布的边缘。所有可用的证据，包括受限的基因流、基于丝裂基因组和核位点的系统发育重建以及系统发育界定方法，一致支持 D. novemcinctus 内的四个谱系是四个不同的物种。与其他公认的Dasypus物种相当的遗传分化值进一步强化了它们作为有效物种的地位。考虑到先前研究的一致形态学结果，我们提供了一个综合的分类学视图来识别 D. novemcinctus 复合体中的四个物种：D. novemcinctus、D. fenestratus、D. mexicanus 和 D. guianensis sp。十一月，我们在这里描述的圭亚那地盾特有的新物种。 D. mazzai 和 D. sabanicola 的两个可用个体始终嵌套在 D. novemcinctus 谱系中，其状态仍有待评估。 目前的工作提供了一个案例研究，说明了博物馆组学揭示广泛分布的标志性哺乳动物物种中神秘物种多样性的力量。