The increasing demand for energy‐efficient, sophisticated optical sensing technologies in various applications, from machine vision to optical communication, highlights the necessity for innovations in spatiotemporal information sensing and processing at a nearly single‐pixel scale. Traditional methods, including multi‐pixel photodetector arrays and event‐based camera systems, often fail to provide rapid, real‐time detection and processing of dynamic events within the sensor. This shortcoming is particularly notable in handling high‐dimensional spatiotemporal data, where the dependency on sequential data input and external processing tools leads to latency, reduced throughput, and heightened energy consumption, thereby impeding real‐time parallel data processing capabilities. Here, a carrier‐selective, single‐pixel, position‐sensitive planar photoactive device that integrates spatiotemporal event sensing with inherent short‐term memory capabilities is introduced. The proof‐of‐concept single‐pixel event photoactive device enables in‐sensor spatiotemporal parallel optical information processing, efficiently managing multibit (>4 bit) data simultaneously and facilitating ultrafast (≈0.4 µs) recognition of input patterns with low energy consumption (25 femtojoules). Additionally, by adjusting the operating speed from continuous to pulsed light illumination, the sensor array can detect trajectories and absolute position of events, offering in‐sensor optical flow detection. This single‐pixel event photodetector marks significant advancement toward developing compact, energy‐efficient, ultrafast sensors suitable for a wide range of in sensor‐based photonic applications.

中文翻译：

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用于实时传感器内时空光学信息处理的单像素事件光敏器件


从机器视觉到光通信，各种应用对节能、复杂的光学传感技术的需求不断增长，凸显了在近单像素尺度的时空信息传感和处理方面进行创新的必要性。传统方法，包括多像素光电探测器阵列和基于事件的相机系统，通常无法提供传感器内动态事件的快速、实时检测和处理。这一缺点在处理高维时空数据时尤其明显，对顺序数据输入和外部处理工具的依赖导致延迟、吞吐量降低和能耗增加，从而阻碍了实时并行数据处理能力。这里，介绍了一种载流子选择性、单像素、位置敏感的平面光敏器件，该器件将时空事件传感与固有的短期存储功能集成在一起。概念验证的单像素事件光敏器件可实现传感器内时空并行光学信息处理，同时有效管理多位（> 4 位）数据，并促进低能耗（25飞焦耳）。此外，通过将运行速度从连续光照明调整为脉冲光照明，传感器阵列可以检测事件的轨迹和绝对位置，从而提供传感器内光流检测。这种单像素事件光电探测器标志着开发紧凑、节能、超快传感器的重大进步，适用于各种基于传感器的光子应用。