Representative bureaucracy theory has mainly been used to understand how identities related to race, ethnicity, and gender influence how bureaucrats administer public services. Although representation through lived experience has expanded the scope of the theory, this theoretical thread has mostly focused on the perspectives of management. The purpose of this article is to employ lived experience representative bureaucracy theory to understand the influence of first responders’ experiences with substance use disorder (drug addiction) on their viewpoints regarding the humanness and deservingness of clients with opioid use disorder. We analyze data from a survey of emergency medical services (EMS)-providers and police officers in the United States (N = 3,500) with ordinary least squares regression and Hayes’ PROCESS macro to test for mediation. Results show that indirect and direct lived experiences—respectively, having a family member or friend who has experienced addiction and believing addiction has had a direct impact on respondents’ lives—predict increases in client deservingness, mediated by ascribed humanness and driven largely by EMS-providers. However, responding to opioid overdoses—an on-the-job lived experience—is associated with reduced deservingness and ascribed humanness. The study adds to the literature by expanding representative bureaucracy theory beyond race, ethnicity, and gender; broadening representation through lived experience beyond a focus on managers to include street-level bureaucrats; and incorporating concepts from social and political psychology that have yet to be integrated into representative bureaucracy studies.

中文翻译：

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通过生活经验获得应得性、人性和代表性：分析急救人员的态度


代议制官僚理论主要用于理解与种族、民族和性别相关的身份如何影响官僚管理公共服务的方式。尽管通过生活经验进行表征扩大了理论的范围，但这条理论线索主要集中在管理的观点上。本文的目的是采用生活经验代表性官僚主义理论来了解急救人员的物质使用障碍（药物成瘾）经历对他们关于阿片类药物使用障碍患者的人性和应得性的观点的影响。我们使用普通最小二乘回归和 Hayes 的 PROCESS 宏分析来自美国紧急医疗服务 （EMS） 提供者和警察 （N = 3,500） 的调查数据，以检验中介。结果表明，间接和直接的生活经历——分别是有经历过成瘾的家人或朋友和认为成瘾对受访者的生活有直接影响——预测了客户应得度的增加，这是由归因的人性介导的，主要由 EMS 提供者驱动。然而，对阿片类药物过量的反应——一种在工作中的生活经历——与应得感的降低和归因于人性有关。该研究通过将代议制官僚理论扩展到种族、民族和性别之外来补充文献;通过生活经验扩大代表性，超越关注管理者，包括街道级官僚;以及将尚未整合到代表性官僚主义研究的社会和政治心理学中的概念。