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Comparative Effectiveness of Licensed Influenza Vaccines in Preventing Influenza-related Medical Encounters and Hospitalizations in the 2022–2023 Influenza Season Among Adults ≥65 Years of Age
Clinical Infectious Diseases ( IF 8.2 ) Pub Date : 2024-08-22 , DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciae375
Jennifer H Ku 1 , Emily Rayens 1 , Lina S Sy 1 , Lei Qian 1 , Bradley K Ackerson 1 , Yi Luo 1 , Julia E Tubert 1 , Gina S Lee 1 , Punam P Modha 1 , Yoonyoung Park 2 , Tianyu Sun 2 , Evan J Anderson 2 , Hung Fu Tseng 1, 3
Affiliation  

Background Influenza causes substantial morbidity, particularly among older individuals. Updated data on the effectiveness of currently licensed vaccines in this population are needed. Methods At Kaiser Permanente Southern California, we conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate comparative vaccine effectiveness (cVE) of high-dose (HD), adjuvanted, and standard-dose (SD) cell-based influenza vaccines, relative to the SD egg-based vaccine. We included adults aged ≥65 years who received an influenza vaccine between 1 August 2022 and 31 December 2022, with follow-up up to 20 May 2023. Primary outcomes were: (1) influenza-related medical encounters and (2) polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed influenza-related hospitalization. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) were estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusting for confounders using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). cVE (%) was calculated as (1—aHR) × 100 when aHR ≤1, and ([1/aHR]—1) × 100 when aHR >1. Results Our study population (n = 495 119) was 54.9% female, 46.3% non-Hispanic White, with a median age of 73 years (interquartile range [IQR] 69–79). Characteristics of all groups were well balanced after IPTW. Adjusted cVEs against influenza-related medical encounters in the HD, adjuvanted, and SD cell-based vaccine groups were 9.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: .9, 16.7), 16.9% (95% CI: 1.7, 29.8), and −6.3 (95% CI: −18.3, 6.9), respectively. Adjusted cVEs against PCR-confirmed hospitalization in the HD, adjuvanted, and SD cell-based groups were 25.1% (95% CI: .2, 43.8), 61.6% (95% CI: 18.1, 82.0), and 26.4% (95% CI: −18.3, 55.7), respectively. Conclusions Compared to the SD egg-based vaccine, HD and adjuvanted vaccines conferred additional protection against influenza-related outcomes in the 2022–2023 season in adults ≥65 years. Our results provide real-world evidence of the comparative effectiveness of currently licensed vaccines.

中文翻译:


2022-2023 年流感季节,获得许可的流感疫苗在预防成人 ≥65 岁流感相关医疗接触和住院治疗方面的效果比较



背景 流感会导致大量发病率,尤其是在老年人中。需要更新有关当前许可疫苗在该人群中的有效性的数据。方法 在 Kaiser Permanente Southern California,我们进行了一项回顾性队列研究,以评估高剂量 (HD)、佐剂和标准剂量 (SD) 基于细胞的流感疫苗相对于 SD 基于鸡蛋的疫苗的疫苗有效性 (cVE)。我们纳入了 2022 年 8 月 1 日至 2022 年 12 月 31 日期间接种流感疫苗的 ≥65 岁成年人,随访至 2023 年 5 月 20 日。主要结局是:(1) 流感相关医疗接触和 (2) 聚合酶链反应 (PCR) 证实的流感相关住院。调整后的风险比 (aHR) 通过 Cox 比例风险回归估计,使用治疗加权的逆概率 (IPTW) 调整混杂因素。当 aHR ≤1 时,cVE (%) 计算× (1—aHR) 100,当 aHR >1 时,([1/aHR]—1) × 100。结果我们的研究人群 (n = 495 119) 为 54.9% 的女性,46.3% 的非西班牙裔白人,中位年龄为 73 岁(四分位距 [IQR] 69-79)。IPTW 后各组特征均较均衡。在 HD、佐剂和 SD 细胞疫苗组中,针对流感相关医疗接触的校正 cVEs 分别为 9.1% (95% 置信区间 [CI]: .9, 16.7)、16.9% (95% CI: 1.7, 29.8) 和 -6.3 (95% CI: -18.3, 6.9)。HD、佐剂组和 SD 细胞组针对 PCR 确认住院的校正 cVEs 分别为 25.1% (95% CI: .2, 43.8) 、61.6% (95% CI: 18.1, 82.0) 和 26.4% (95% CI: -18.3, 55.7)。 结论 与 SD 蛋疫苗相比,HD 和佐剂疫苗在 2022-2023 年流感季节为 ≥65 岁的成年人提供了额外的流感相关结果保护。我们的结果为目前获得许可的疫苗的比较有效性提供了真实世界的证据。
更新日期:2024-08-22
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