The expansion of aquaculture production into more exposed harsh and remote ocean environments presents both new opportunities and challenges. To manage the complexities of exposed operations, research into fish welfare, personnel safety, and facilitating technology is thus of key importance. This paper reviews recent research advances in the areas of safety, fish welfare, and technology, while the focus is on the Norwegian salmon farming industry, the results could benefit exposed fish farming internationally. Regarding fish welfare, the study summarizes the current knowledge status of salmon coping abilities and welfare indicators in strong currents and waves. On the safety front, there has been significant progress in operational safety management, accident analysis, and emergency preparedness, all of which are crucial for human personnel in these demanding settings. Human safety and fish welfare also rely on structures and equipment, and recent research results include advances in environmental load analysis, vessel design, simulations of fish farms. Notably, the development of contact-free, autonomous lifting operations, and hole detection methods represents a significant leap in maintaining aquaculture infrastructure. This multidisciplinary study underscores the need for integrated research approaches to address exposed aquaculture, emphasizing that while recent innovations have enhanced safety and robustness, ongoing research and new strategies are critical for safety and fish welfare in exposed aquaculture operations.

中文翻译：

---

暴露的水产养殖作业：安全和鱼类福利策略


水产养殖生产扩展到更加暴露、恶劣和偏远的海洋环境中，既带来了新的机遇，也带来了新的挑战。因此，为了管理暴露作业的复杂性，对鱼类福利、人员安全和便利技术的研究至关重要。本文回顾了安全、鱼类福利和技术领域的最新研究进展，虽然重点是挪威鲑鱼养殖业，但结果可能使国际上暴露的鱼类养殖受益。在鱼类福利方面，本研究总结了当前鲑鱼应对能力的知识现状和强浪中的福利指标。在安全方面，在运营安全管理、事故分析和应急准备方面取得了重大进展，所有这些都对这些苛刻环境中的人类人员至关重要。人类安全和鱼类福利也依赖于结构和设备，最近的研究成果包括环境负荷分析、船舶设计、养鱼场模拟方面的进展。值得注意的是，非接触式、自主提升操作和孔洞检测方法的发展代表了维护水产养殖基础设施的重大飞跃。这项多学科研究强调了采用综合研究方法来解决裸露水产养殖问题的必要性，强调虽然最近的创新提高了安全性和稳健性，但正在进行的研究和新策略对于裸露水产养殖作业中的安全和鱼类福利至关重要。