Agency is the sense that one has control over one's own actions and the consequences of those actions. Despite the critical role that agency plays in the human condition, little is known about its neural basis. A novel theory proposes that increases in agency disinhibit the dopamine system and thereby increase the number of tonically active dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area. The theory, called ADDS (Agency Disinhibits the Dopamine System), proposes a specific neural network that mediates these effects. ADDS accurately predicts a variety of relevant neuroscience results, and makes many novel predictions, including that increases in an agency will (a) increase motivation, (b) improve executive function, (c) facilitate procedural learning, but only in the presence of immediate trial-by-trial feedback, (d) have little or no effect on learning-related effects of stimulus repetition or on standard eyeblink conditioning, (e) facilitate the development of automatic behaviors, but have little or no effect on the production of behaviors that are already automatized, (f) amplify the cognitive benefits of positive mood, and (g) reduce pain. The implications of this new theory are considered for several purely psychological theories that assign prominent roles to agency, including self-efficacy theory, hope theory, and goal-focused positive psychotherapy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

---

Just do it： 关于能动性、认知、情绪和多巴胺的神经心理学理论。


能动性是指一个人可以控制自己的行为和这些行为的后果的感觉。尽管能动性在人类状况中起着关键作用，但对其神经基础知之甚少。一种新理论提出，能动性的增加会消除对多巴胺系统的抑制，从而增加腹侧被盖区强直活跃的多巴胺神经元的数量。该理论称为 ADDS（Agency Disinhibits the Dopamine System），提出了一种介导这些影响的特定神经网络。ADDS 准确预测了各种相关的神经科学结果，并做出了许多新颖的预测，包括增加一个机构将 （a） 增加动机，（b） 改善执行功能，（c） 促进程序性学习，但前提是存在即时的逐次试验反馈，（d） 对刺激重复的学习相关影响或标准眨眼条件反射几乎没有影响， （e） 促进自动行为的发展，但对已经自动化的行为的产生影响很小或没有影响，（f） 放大积极情绪的认知益处，以及 （g） 减轻痛苦。这种新理论的含义被考虑用于几种为能动性分配突出作用的纯心理学理论，包括自我效能理论、希望理论和以目标为中心的积极心理治疗。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 （c） 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。