Despite the primacy of the face in social perception research, people often base their impressions on whole persons (i.e., faces and bodies). Yet, perceptions of whole persons remain critically underresearched. We address this knowledge gap by testing the relative contributions of faces and bodies to various fundamental social judgments. Results show that faces and bodies contribute different amounts to particular social judgments on orthogonal axes of social perception: Bodies primarily influence status and ability judgments, whereas faces primarily influence warmth-related evaluations. One possible reason for this may be differences in signal that bodies and faces provide for judgments along these two axes. To test this, we extended our investigation to social judgment accuracy, given that signal is a precondition to accuracy. Focusing on one kind of status/ability judgment-impressions of social class standing-we found that perceivers can discern individuals' social class standing from faces, bodies, and whole persons. Conditions that included bodies returned higher accuracy, indicating that bodies may contain more signal to individuals' social class than faces do. Within bodies, shape cued social class more than details of individuals' clothing. Altogether, these findings highlight the importance of the body for fully understanding processes and outcomes in person perception. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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来自面孔和身体的社会判断。


尽管面部在社会认知研究中占据首要地位，但人们常常将印象建立在整个人（即面部和身体）上。然而，对整个人的看法的研究仍然严重不足。我们通过测试面部和身体对各种基本社会判断的相对贡献来解决这一知识差距。结果表明，面部和身体对社会感知正交轴上的特定社会判断的贡献程度不同：身体主要影响地位和能力判断，而面部主要影响与温暖相关的评估。造成这种情况的一个可能原因可能是身体和面部沿这两个轴提供的判断信号存在差异。为了测试这一点，我们将调查扩展到社会判断准确性，因为信号是准确性的先决条件。关注一种地位/能力判断——社会阶层地位印象——我们发现感知者可以从面孔、身体和整个人来辨别个体的社会阶层地位。包含身体的条件返回了更高的准确度，这表明身体可能比面孔包含更多关于个人社会阶层的信号。在身体内部，形状比个人服装的细节更能体现社会阶层。总而言之，这些发现强调了身体对于充分理解人类感知过程和结果的重要性。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。