Early temperament precedes children's emerging Big Five personality, but shared models of temperament and personality are scarce. We wanted to estimate the genetic factor structure underlying both temperament and the Big Five in children, employing a genetically informed study. Within the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, we selected 26,354 twins, siblings, and cousins. Mothers rated their children's temperament three times between the ages of 1.5 and 5 years, and the children's Big Five personality at the age of 8. We analyzed the data using biometric modeling. The mean heritability of single-time temperamental traits and Big Five personality traits was .48 and .45, respectively. The mean genetic correlations of temperament across time were .80. The genetic correlations of temperament at 5 years and the Big Five at 8 years revealed two factors, the first comprising reversed Big Five Neuroticism, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and reversed EAS Emotionality, the second comprising Big Five Extraversion, Openness to Experience, EAS Activity, Sociability, and reversed Shyness. A confirmatory factor analysis estimated the two factors showing heritabilities of .96 and .72, respectively. The two factors mirrored the metatraits Stability and Plasticity by John M. Digman. Temperament and personality in childhood can be meaningfully bridged using just two metafactors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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儿童气质和大五人格的桥梁：一项遗传信息研究。


早期气质先于儿童出现大五人格，但气质和人格的共同模型却很少。我们希望通过一项遗传信息研究来估计儿童气质和大五人格背后的遗传因素结构。在挪威母婴队列研究中，我们选择了 26,354 名双胞胎、兄弟姐妹和表兄弟姐妹。母亲们在孩子 1.5 至 5 岁时对孩子的气质进行了三次评分，并在孩子 8 岁时对孩子的大五人格进行了评分。我们使用生物识别模型分析了数据。单次气质特征和大五人格特征的平均遗传力分别为 0.48 和 0.45。气质随时间的平均遗传相关性为 0.80。 5岁时气质和8岁时大五人格的遗传相关性揭示了两个因素，第一个因素包括反向大五神经质、宜人性、尽责性和反向EAS情绪性，第二个包括大五外向性、开放性体验、EAS活动、善于交际，扭转了害羞的状态。验证性因素分析估计这两个因素的遗传力分别为 0.96 和 0.72。这两个因素反映了约翰·迪格曼（John M. Digman）的稳定性和可塑性元特征。只需使用两个元因素就可以有意义地连接童年时期的气质和个性。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。