Bronchiolitis is a viral lower respiratory tract infection primarily affecting children younger than 2 years; a common cause of health care encounters, including hospitalization; and a considerable economic burden for health care systems in the United States and worldwide. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) most recently updated its bronchiolitis guideline in 2014 and reaffirmed supportive care as the mainstay of treatment. Despite these recommendations, there is still significant variability in care provided for these children, especially in bronchodilator usage, radiography, and high-flow nasal cannula. Since the 2014 AAP guideline, many pediatric hospitalists have undertaken quality initiatives to improve the adherence to published guidelines, yet a large gap remains between what is recommended and what is practiced. This article presents research on the efficacy of common interventions as well as an introduction to diagnostics and treatments potentially on the horizon. [Pediatr Ann. 2024;53(6):e223-e228.].

中文翻译：

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细支气管炎：安全地少做事是下一件大事。


细支气管炎是一种病毒性下呼吸道感染，主要影响 2 岁以下儿童；医疗保健遭遇的常见原因，包括住院；并对美国和全世界的医疗保健系统造成相当大的经济负担。美国儿科学会 (AAP) 最近于 2014 年更新了细支气管炎指南，并重申支持性护理是治疗的支柱。尽管有这些建议，为这些儿童提供的护理仍然存在很大差异，特别是在支气管扩张剂的使用、放射线照相和高流量鼻插管方面。自 2014 年 AAP 指南发布以来，许多儿科住院医师已采取质量举措来提高对已发布指南的遵守程度，但建议与实践之间仍存在很大差距。本文介绍了常见干预措施功效的研究，以及即将出现的诊断和治疗的介绍。 [儿科安。 2024；53(6):e223-e228。]。