Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are serious bacterial infections affecting children of all ages. An understanding of the methods of urine collection is important to prevent the contamination of urine specimens and to interpret results. The diagnosis of a UTI requires appropriate interpretation of both urinalysis and urine culture results because testing must indicate evidence of inflammation and the presence of bacteria. Rapid treatment of UTIs is imperative to prevent acute decompensation and systemic illness. Empiric antibiotics should be narrowed as soon as possible to tailor antibiotic treatment and limit antibiotic overuse. Imaging with a renal ultrasound scan is recommended for all infants with first febrile UTIs rather than a voiding cystourethrogram. An additional goal of UTI treatment is to prevent renal scarring, which can lead to lifelong health consequences. Children with anatomic abnormalities of the urinary tract and those who have recurrent UTIs are at increased risk of renal scarring. [Pediatr Ann. 2024;53(6):e217-e222.].

中文翻译：

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尿路感染和肾盂肾炎的回顾。


尿路感染 (UTI) 是一种严重的细菌感染，影响所有年龄段的儿童。了解尿液采集方法对于防止尿液样本污染和解释结果非常重要。尿路感染的诊断需要对尿液分析和尿培养结果进行适当的解释，因为测试必须表明炎症和细菌存在的证据。尿路感染的快速治疗对于预防急性失代偿和全身性疾病至关重要。应尽快缩小经验性抗生素的范围，以调整抗生素治疗并限制抗生素的过度使用。建议对所有首次出现发热性尿路感染的婴儿进行肾脏超声扫描，而不是进行排尿性膀胱尿道造影。尿路感染治疗的另一个目标是防止肾脏疤痕形成，这可能导致终生健康后果。患有泌尿道解剖异常的儿童和患有复发性尿路感染的儿童出现肾脏疤痕的风险增加。 [小儿安。 2024；53(6):e217-e222。]。