Good fortune can be attributed to many sources, including other people, personal efforts, and various theistic and nontheistic supernatural forces (e.g., God, karma). Four studies (total N = 4,579) of religiously diverse samples from the United States and the United Kingdom investigated the distinct emotional reactions to recalled positive experiences attributed to natural and supernatural benefactors. We found that the hallmarks of interpersonal gratitude (e.g., thankfulness, admiration, indebtedness) were reported when believers attributed their good fortune to a personal, benevolent God. However, a distinct emotional profile arose when participants attributed good fortune to the process of karmic payback, which was associated with relatively less gratitude but with higher scores for feelings of pride and deservingness. These results were partially explained by participants' attributions of positive experiences to an external agent (e.g., God) versus a universal law or internal factors as in the case of karma. We conclude that diverse spiritual beliefs influence causal attributions for good fortune, which, in turn, predict distinct emotional responses. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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各种感激之情：识别对上帝、业力和人类恩人的积极经历的情绪反应模式。


好运可以归因于许多来源，包括其他人、个人努力以及各种有神论和非有神论的超自然力量（例如上帝、业力）。四项研究（总计 N = 4,579）针对来自美国和英国的不同宗教样本，调查了回忆自然和超自然恩人的积极经历时的不同情绪反应。我们发现，当信徒将自己的好运归功于一位个人的、仁慈的上帝时，就会表现出人际感恩的特征（例如，感恩、钦佩、感激）。然而，当参与者将好运归因于业力回报的过程时，就会出现一种独特的情绪特征，这与相对较少的感激之情有关，但与自豪感和应得感的得分较高有关。这些结果的部分解释是参与者将积极的经历归因于外部因素（例如上帝），而不是普遍法则或内部因素（如业力的情况）。我们得出的结论是，不同的精神信仰会影响好运的因果归因，进而预测不同的情绪反应。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。