AIM The aim of this retrospective long-term follow-up of a 3-month RCT was to assess whether non-surgical peri-implantitis treatment with adjunctive systemic antibiotics influenced the need for additional surgical treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients enrolled in an aftercare programme following non-surgical peri-implantitis treatment, with or without systemic amoxicillin and metronidazole, were analysed. Data had previously been collected pre-treatment (T0) and 3 months after treatment (T1) and were additionally collected during subsequent aftercare visits, until the final assessment (T2). Primary outcome was the need for additional surgical peri-implantitis therapy during the aftercare programme, analysed via Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression. Secondary outcomes involved clinical parameters, assessed using parametric and non-parametric tests. RESULTS Forty-five patients (22 AB- group, 23 AB+ group) were included. The mean follow-up time between T1 and T2 was 35.9 months (SD = 21.0). 73.9% of the AB+ group and 50.0% of the AB- group did not receive additional surgical therapy (log-rank test, p = .110). The adjusted Cox regression model did not provide a significant result for antibiotics (β = .441, 95% CI = 0.159-1.220, p = .115). Univariable regression analysis highlighted the influence of baseline peri-implant pocket depth on the need for surgical treatment (β = 1.446, 95% CI = 1.035-2.020, p = .031). CONCLUSIONS Systemic amoxicillin and metronidazole administered during non-surgical peri-implantitis treatment do not seem to prevent the need for additional surgical therapy in the long term, during a structured aftercare programme.

中文翻译：

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在非手术种植体周围炎治疗阶段，全身性使用阿莫西林和甲硝唑是否可以防止未来手术治疗的需要？一项回顾性长期队列研究。


目的 这项为期 3 个月的 RCT 的回顾性长期随访的目的是评估使用辅助全身性抗生素的非手术种植体周围炎治疗是否会影响额外手术治疗的需求。材料和方法 对非手术种植体周围炎治疗后参加善后护理计划的患者进行分析，有或没有全身性阿莫西林和甲硝唑。数据之前是在治疗前 （T0） 和治疗后 3 个月 （T1） 收集的，并在随后的术后访问期间额外收集，直到最终评估 （T2）。主要结局是在护理计划期间需要额外的外科种植体周围炎治疗，通过 Kaplan-Meier 分析和 Cox 回归进行分析。次要结局涉及临床参数，使用参数和非参数检验进行评估。结果 共纳入 45 例患者 （22 例 AB- 组，23 例 AB+ 组）。T1 和 T2 之间的平均随访时间为 35.9 个月 （SD = 21.0）。AB+ 组 73.9% 和 AB- 组 50.0% 未接受额外手术治疗 （log-rank 检验，p = .110）。调整后的 Cox 回归模型没有提供抗生素的显着结果 （β = .441,95% CI = 0.159-1.220，p = .115）。单变量回归分析强调了基线种植体周围袋深度对手术治疗需求的影响 （β = 1.446,95% CI = 1.035-2.020，p = .031）。结论在非手术种植体周围炎治疗期间全身性施用阿莫西林和甲硝唑似乎并不能阻止在结构化的术后护理计划中长期需要额外的手术治疗。