Cellular senescence, a process in which a cell exits the cell cycle in response to stressors, is one of the hallmarks of aging. Senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)—a heterogeneous set of secreted factors that disrupt tissue homeostasis and promote the accumulation of senescent cells—reprogram metabolism and can lead to metabolic dysfunction. Dietary interventions have long been studied as methods to combat age-associated metabolic dysfunction, promote health, and increase lifespan. A growing body of literature suggests that senescence is responsive to diet, both to calories and specific dietary macronutrients, and that the metabolic benefits of dietary interventions may arise in part through reducing senescence. Here, we review what is currently known about dietary macronutrients’ effect on senescence and the SASP, the nutrient-responsive molecular mechanisms that may mediate these effects, and the potential for these findings to inform the development of a nutrigeroscience approach to healthy aging.

细胞衰老是细胞响应应激源而退出细胞周期的过程，是衰老的标志之一。衰老和衰老相关的分泌表型（SASP）——一组异质的分泌因子，会破坏组织稳态并促进衰老细胞的积累——重新编程代谢并可能导致代谢功能障碍。饮食干预长期以来一直被研究作为对抗与年龄相关的代谢功能障碍、促进健康和延长寿命的方法。越来越多的文献表明，衰老对饮食有反应，包括热量和特定的饮食大量营养素，并且饮食干预的代谢益处可能部分通过减少衰老而产生。在这里，我们回顾了目前已知的膳食常量营养素对衰老和 SASP 的影响、可能介导这些影响的营养响应分子机制，以及这些发现为健康老龄化营养科学方法的发展提供信息的潜力。