Ephemeral streams in dry environments can convey high intensity sediment-laden flash floods. The study of these events is quite difficult due to remote locations with limited accessibility, unexpected events, rough weather conditions and safety concerns. Hence combined data of rainfall and flood hydrograph is rather scarce in the world, and null in Patagonia-South America. The Experimental Basin Arroyo Sagmata (total drained area of 129 km²), located in the Lower Valley of the Chubut River has been equipped with 4 rain gauges, and 4 time-lapse cameras in four reaches of the arroyos. Data from a 4-year monitoring provides valuable insights about the hydrological response of basins in the drylands of Patagonia, such as the time of response, the shape of hydrographs and its relation with the hyetographs. Four hydrograph styles have been observed: single-peak (S), multi-peaks (M), flat-top (F) and compound (C) peaks. Rainfall styles have also been classified into single, multiple and compound. Soil processes operate reducing the number of peaks (M-type hyetographs are transformed into S- or M-type hydrographs). The rain structure is also important, especially when the high intensity occurs in the beginning of the event. Channel connectivity pattern and disconnections explain the observation of M-type hydrograph and F-type hydrograph, respectively.

中文翻译：

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巴塔哥尼亚旱地（南美洲-阿根廷）短暂溪流的降雨量和水位线类型


干燥环境中的短暂溪流可能会带来高强度、充满沉积物的山洪。由于地点偏远、交通不便、突发事件、恶劣的天气条件和安全问题，对这些事件的研究相当困难。因此，降雨量和洪水过程线的综合数据在世界上相当稀缺，在巴塔哥尼亚和南美洲更是没有。位于丘布特河下游河谷的阿罗约萨格马塔实验盆地（总排水面积129 km ² ）已在阿罗约的四个河段配备了4个雨量计和4个延时摄像机。为期 4 年的监测数据提供了有关巴塔哥尼亚旱地流域水文响应的宝贵见解，例如响应时间、水位线的形状及其与水位图的关系。观察到四种过程线样式：单峰 (S)、多峰 (M)、平顶 (F) 和复合 (C) 峰。降雨类型也分为单次降雨、多次降雨和复合降雨。土壤过程减少了峰值的数量（M 型水位线转化为 S 或 M 型水位线）。降雨结构也很重要，尤其是在赛事开始时强度较高的情况下。水道连通模式和断开分别解释了 M 型水位线和 F 型水位线的观察结果。