Journal of Ecology ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2024-08-19 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.14377 Rachel J. Standish 1 , Tina Parkhurst 1
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1 INTRODUCTION
Nature-based solutions (NbS) are actions that address societal challenges, climate change, biodiversity loss, and sustainable development, to protect and restore native ecosystems for benefits to biodiversity and people (Cohen-Shacham et al., 2019; IUCN, 2020). The NbS standard arose from the principles underlying an integrated approach to ecosystem management comprising biodiversity conservation, human well-being and the economy (CBD, 2004). It builds on extensive documentation of the contribution of nature to the ecosystem services that support human well-being (Costanza et al., 1997; Westman, 1977). NbS started in Europe but are gaining traction world-wide (Keesstra et al., 2018; Maes & Jacobs, 2017; Novick et al., 2024; White et al., 2021; Zhu et al., 2023). They are commonly invoked for climate-change adaptation in urban landscapes (Frantzeskaki et al., 2019; Zhu et al., 2023) but are also being implemented in agricultural and forested landscapes to conserve biodiversity among other benefits (Molloy et al., 2024).
The effectiveness of NbS will be determined in part by their resilience, put simply, their capacity to respond to disturbance and to changing environmental conditions. This is particularly apparent in the context of adaptation to global climate change (Key et al., 2022; Turner et al., 2022) but is relevant to mitigating other stressors driving biodiversity loss and impacting human well-being. Here, we review how resilience has been conceptualised in the NbS literature. Then, we refer to the broader plant ecology literature to identify disparities and gaps where empirically tested ecological theory might inform the creation and management of resilient NbS. Our intent is to offer a fresh perspective (sensu Sayer, 2018) and to suggest interventions to target resilience mechanisms (i.e. ecological factors underpinning resilience; sensu Oliver et al., 2015).
中文翻译：
基于自然的弹性解决方案的干预措施：生态视角
1 引言
基于自然的解决方案 （NbS） 是应对社会挑战、气候变化、生物多样性丧失和可持续发展的行动，以保护和恢复原生生态系统，造福生物多样性和人类（Cohen-Shacham 等人，2019 年;IUCN，2020 年）。NbS 标准源于生态系统管理综合方法的基本原则，包括生物多样性保护、人类福祉和经济（CBD，2004 年）。它建立在大自然对支持人类福祉的生态系统服务的贡献的广泛文献之上（Costanza et al.， 1997;Westman， 1977）。NbS 起源于欧洲，但在全球范围内越来越受欢迎（Keesstra et al.， 2018;Maes & Jacobs， 2017;Novick 等人，2024 年;White et al.， 2021;Zhu et al.， 2023）。它们通常用于城市景观中的气候变化适应（Frantzeskaki 等人，2019 年;Zhu et al.， 2023），但也正在农业和森林景观中实施，以保护生物多样性等好处（Molloy et al.， 2024）。
NbS 的有效性将部分取决于它们的弹性，简单地说，它们响应干扰和不断变化的环境条件的能力。这在适应全球气候变化的背景下尤为明显（Key et al.， 2022;Turner et al.， 2022），但与减轻导致生物多样性丧失和影响人类福祉的其他压力源有关。在这里，我们回顾了 NbS 文献中弹性的概念。然后，我们参考更广泛的植物生态学文献，以确定经过实证检验的生态学理论可能为弹性 NbS 的创建和管理提供信息的差异和差距。我们的目的是提供一个新的视角（sensu Sayer，2018 年），并提出针对弹性机制的干预措施（即支撑弹性的生态因素;sensu Oliver et al.，2015 年）。
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