The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework lays out an ambitious set of goals and targets aimed at halting and reversing biodiversity loss. The extent of natural ecosystems has been selected as one of a small set of headline indicators against which countries will report progress under this framework. We evaluate the effectiveness with which this indicator is expected to capture the overall scope of the ecosystem-focused component of Goal A, and interlinkages with the species-focused component of this same goal, using extensive global data on the integrity, connectivity, and plant species composition of forests. Results generated for all forest-supporting countries demonstrate that consideration of these additional factors can profoundly alter understanding of the state of forest biodiversity relative to that based on extent alone. Employment of ecosystem extent as a headline indicator must therefore be augmented by appropriate use of component and complementary indicators addressing other key dimensions of ecosystem change.

中文翻译：

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生态系统范围是衡量全球森林生物多样性状况的必要指标，但不是充分指标


昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架提出了一系列雄心勃勃的目标和具体目标，旨在制止和扭转生物多样性的丧失。自然生态系统的范围已被选为一小部分主要指标之一，各国将根据这些指标报告该框架下的进展情况。我们使用有关森林完整性、连通性和植物物种组成的大量全球数据，评估该指标预期捕捉目标 A 中以生态系统为重点的部分的整体范围以及与同一目标中以物种为重点的组成部分的相互联系的有效性。为所有森林支持国生成的结果表明，相对于仅基于范围的因素，考虑这些额外因素可以深刻改变对森林生物多样性状况的理解。因此，必须通过适当使用涉及生态系统变化的其他关键维度的组成部分和补充指标来加强生态系统范围作为主要指标的使用。