What solutions can we find in the research literature for preventing sexual violence, and what psychological theories have guided these efforts? We gather all primary prevention efforts to reduce sexual violence from 1985 to 2018 and provide a bird's-eye view of the literature. We first review predominant theoretical approaches to sexual-violence perpetration prevention by highlighting three interventions that exemplify the zeitgeist of primary prevention efforts at various points during this time period. We find a throughline in primary prevention interventions: They aim to change attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge (i.e., ideas) to reduce sexual-violence perpetration and victimization. Our meta-analysis of these studies tests the efficacy of this approach directly and finds that although many interventions are successful at changing ideas, behavior change does not follow. There is little to no relationship between changing attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge and reducing victimization or perpetration. We also observe trends over time, including a shift from targeting a reduction in perpetration to targeting an increase in bystander intervention. We conclude by highlighting promising new strategies for measuring victimization and perpetration and calling for interventions that are informed by theories of behavior change and that center sexually violent behavior as the key outcome of interest.

中文翻译：

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预防性暴力：没有行为知情解决方案的行为问题。


我们可以在研究文献中找到哪些预防性暴力的解决方案，以及哪些心理学理论指导了这些努力？我们收集了 1985 年至 2018 年为减少性暴力所做的所有初级预防工作，并提供了文献的鸟瞰图。我们首先回顾了预防性暴力犯罪的主要理论方法，重点介绍了三种干预措施，这些干预措施体现了这一时期不同时期初级预防工作的时代精神。我们找到了初级预防干预措施的主线：其目的是改变态度、信仰和知识（即观念），以减少性暴力的实施和受害。我们对这些研究的荟萃分析直接测试了这种方法的有效性，并发现尽管许多干预措施成功地改变了观念，但行为改变并没有随之而来。改变态度、信仰和知识与减少受害或犯罪之间几乎没有关系。我们还观察了一段时间内的趋势，包括从减少犯罪行为转向增加旁观者干预。最后，我们强调了衡量受害和犯罪的有前途的新策略，并呼吁采取以行为改变理论为基础的干预措施，并将性暴力行为作为关注的关键结果。