BACKGROUND While previous studies indicate muscle-strengthening exercises may reduce mortality risk, further research is needed to increase certainty of the evidence. We investigated overall and dose-response associations between weight training and the risks of all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality in a large cohort of older adults with long follow-up time and a large number of deaths. We also investigated the joint associations of weight training and aerobic exercise with mortality risk. METHODS Weight training was assessed via self-report in 2004-05 in the National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons (NIH-AARP) Diet and Health Study (USA; n = 216 339), with follow-up to 2019. Cox regression estimated the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations between weight training and mortality, after adjusting for confounders including aerobic exercise. RESULTS Around 25% of participants [mean age = 69.9 years (standard deviation = 5.4), 58% men] reported engaging in weight training over the past year, and there were 79 107 (37%) deaths. Engaging in any weight training (vs none) was associated with lower risks of all-cause (HR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.93-0.96), CVD (HR = 0.92; 95% CI = 0.90-0.95) and cancer mortality (HR = 0.95; 95% CI = 0.92-0.98). More time spent in weight training was associated with only marginally greater risk reductions. Larger risk reductions were observed among women than men. Performing both aerobic exercise and weight training conferred the greatest mortality risk reduction; weight training was not associated with mortality risk among participants who did no aerobic exercise. CONCLUSION Performing any amount of weight training lowered mortality risk.

中文翻译：

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老年人的举重训练与全因疾病、心血管疾病和癌症死亡率的风险。


背景虽然之前的研究表明肌肉强化锻炼可以降低死亡风险，但还需要进一步的研究来提高证据的确定性。我们在一大群老年人中调查了举重训练与全因疾病、心血管疾病 (CVD) 和癌症死亡率之间的总体关联和剂量反应关联，这些老年人的随访时间较长且死亡人数较多。我们还调查了重量训练和有氧运动与死亡风险的联合关联。方法 2004-05 年美国国立卫生研究院-美国退休人员协会 (NIH-AARP) 饮食与健康研究（美国；n = 216 339）通过自我报告对重量训练进行了评估，并随访至 2019 年。在调整有氧运动等混杂因素后，Cox 回归估计了重量训练与死亡率之间关联的风险比 (HR) 和 95% 置信区间 (CI)。结果 大约 25% 的参与者[平均年龄 = 69.9 岁（标准差 = 5.4），58% 男性]报告在过去一年中进行了重量训练，并且有 79 107 人（37%）死亡。参加任何重量训练（与不进行重量训练相比）与降低全因风险（HR = 0.94；95% CI = 0.93-0.96）、CVD（HR = 0.92；95% CI = 0.90-0.95）和癌症死亡率（ HR = 0.95；95% CI = 0.92-0.98)。花更多时间进行举重训练只会略微降低风险。与男性相比，女性的风险降低幅度更大。进行有氧运动和重量训练可以最大程度地降低死亡风险；对于不进行有氧运动的参与者来说，重量训练与死亡风险无关。结论 进行任何量的重量训练都可以降低死亡风险。