Platinum group elements (PGEs) are very important for the modern world, and they are used in many applications due to their physical and chemical properties that cannot be found in other naturally occurring elements. This means that the availability of PGEs now and in the future is very crucial. However, research has indicated that PGEs are at the edge of becoming scarce due to gradually depleting natural resources. This review reports on the recent techniques for the recovery of PGEs from secondary sources. However, there is still a need for cheap and efficient methods and technologies that can be applied at large scale. The need for PGEs speciation information especially in adsorption and/or recovery studies is discussed. Speciation modelling codes (PHREEQC, Geochemist’s workbench, MINEQL+, MINTEQA2 and WHAM) which can be used for this purpose are also discussed. These models can be used for adequate predictive adsorption of PGEs in order to determine the performance of the adsorbents beyond the available laboratory, pilot or real application data. However, most of the PGEs are not included in the available databases used in the numerical models hence, new databases should be developed, or the modification of the available databases will always be a requirement in order to simulate PGEs accurately and successfully, under various conditions. To automate the calibration of the models including calibration-constrained uncertainty analysis of the models, parameter estimation (PEST) software which can estimate important parameters and compute sensitivities of model outputs to parameters, can be coupled with the modelling codes.

中文翻译：

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从废水中回收铂族元素（PGE）：预测吸附数值方法开发的案例


铂族元素 (PGE) 对现代世界非常重要，由于其物理和化学特性在其他天然元素中找不到，因此被用于许多应用。这意味着 PGE 的可用性现在和将来都非常重要。然而，研究表明，由于自然资源逐渐枯竭，铂族元素正处于变得稀缺的边缘。本综述报告了从二手来源回收 PGE 的最新技术。然而，仍然需要可以大规模应用的廉价且高效的方法和技术。讨论了特别是在吸附和/或回收研究中对 PGE 形态信息的需求。还讨论了可用于此目的的形态建模代码（PHREEQC、Geochemist's workbench、MINEQL+、MINTEQA2 和 WHAM）。这些模型可用于充分预测 PGE 的吸附，以确定吸附剂的性能超出现有的实验室、中试或实际应用数据。然而，大多数 PGE 并未包含在数值模型中使用的可用数据库中，因此，应开发新的数据库，或者始终需要修改可用数据库，以便在各种条件下准确、成功地模拟 PGE 。为了自动化模型的校准，包括模型的校准约束不确定性分析，可以将参数估计（PEST）软件与建模代码结合使用，该软件可以估计重要参数并计算模型输出对参数的敏感性。