Celiac disease is an autoimmune enteropathy caused by harmful immune reactions to cereal gluten proteins.¹ The enzyme transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is involved in the pathogenesis both by being the target of highly disease-specific autoantibodies and by deamidating gluten peptides, thereby allowing their presentation to T cells by HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 molecules. The autoantibodies to TG2 are only produced in individuals expressing HLA-DQ2/-DQ8 individuals who consume gluten. This HLA- and gluten-dependence of TG2 autoantibodies can be explained by a hapten carrier–like model where, by involvement of covalent gluten peptide-TG2 complexes taken up TG2-specific B cells, gluten-specific CD4⁺ T cells can provide help to TG2-specific B cells.

中文翻译：

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小鼠肠腔中肠上皮细胞来源且具有催化活性的谷氨酰胺转氨酶 2：对乳糜泻的影响


乳糜泻是一种自身免疫性肠病，由对谷物面筋蛋白的有害免疫反应引起。¹ 转谷氨酰胺酶 2 （TG2） 通过成为高度疾病特异性自身抗体的靶标和使麸质肽脱酰胺参与发病机制，从而允许它们通过 HLA-DQ2 或 HLA-DQ8 分子呈递给 T 细胞。TG2 自身抗体仅在食用麸质的表达 HLA-DQ2/-DQ8 的个体中产生。TG2 自身抗体的这种 HLA 和麸质依赖性可以用半抗原载体样模型来解释，其中，通过参与 TG2 特异性 B 细胞吸收的共价麸质肽-TG2 复合物，麸质特异性 CD4⁺ T 细胞可以为 TG2 特异性 B 细胞提供帮助。