Evidence on mortality rates and causes of death associated with extrapulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection is limited. This nationwide register-based study in Denmark used diagnostic codes to match adult patients with extrapulmonary NTM infection 1:4 to controls. During 2000–2017, we identified 485 patients, who had significantly more comorbidities than controls. The 5-year mortality rate for patients was 26.8% (95% CI 23.1%–31.0%) and for controls, 10.9% (95% CI 9.6%–12.4%). The median age at death was 76 (interquartile range 63–85) years for patients and 84 (interquartile range 73–90) years for controls. The adjusted hazard rate of death for patients was 1.34 (95% CI 1.10–1.63; p = 0.004). Patients and controls mainly died of cardiovascular disease and solid malignant neoplasms. Hematologic malignancies and HIV were more frequently causes of death in patients. Mortality rates are substantial among patients with extrapulmonary NTM infection, predominantly caused by underlying conditions.

关于与肺外非结核分枝杆菌 (NTM) 感染相关的死亡率和死因的证据有限。这项在丹麦进行的全国性注册研究使用诊断代码将肺外 NTM 感染的成年患者与对照组进行 1:4 匹配。 2000 年至 2017 年间，我们确定了 485 名患者，他们的合并症明显多于对照组。患者的 5 年死亡率为 26.8%（95% CI 23.1%–31.0%），对照组为 10.9%（95% CI 9.6%–12.4%）。患者的中位死亡年龄为 76 岁（四分位间距 63-85），对照组为 84 岁（四分位间距 73-90）岁。患者死亡的调整后危险率为 1.34 (95% CI 1.10–1.63；p = 0.004)。患者和对照主要死于心血管疾病和实体恶性肿瘤。血液系统恶性肿瘤和艾滋病毒是导致患者死亡的更常见原因。肺外 NTM 感染患者的死亡率很高，主要是由基础疾病引起的。