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Assessing the residual biases in high-resolution transit absorption spectra correction
Astronomy & Astrophysics ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2024-08-21 , DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202450704 W. Dethier , B. Tessore
Astronomy & Astrophysics ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2024-08-21 , DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202450704 W. Dethier , B. Tessore
Context. In recent years it has become common practice to divide observed transit absorption spectra by synthetic absorption spectra computed for the transit of an atmosphere-less planet. This action supposedly corrects the observed absorption spectrum, leaving the sole atmospheric absorption signature free from the biases induced by stellar rotation and centre-to-limb variations.Aims. We aim to show that while this practice is beneficial, it does not completely correct the absorption spectrum from the stellar distortions and that some residual biases remain, leaving a possibly altered atmospheric signature.Methods. By reducing the problem to its most basic form, we show that dividing the observed absorption spectrum by a synthetic absorption spectrum of the planet does not isolate the pure atmospheric absorption signature. We also used simulated synthetic transit observations to assess the magnitude of these residual biases in typical transit observations.Results. We show that dividing the observed absorption spectrum by the planetary absorption spectrum results in an atmospheric signature modulated by the ratio of the flux behind the atmosphere and the flux behind the planet. Depending on the non-homogeneity of the stellar spectrum, this leads to distorted atmospheric signatures. Eventually, directly analysing these biased signatures will lead to wrong estimates of planetary atmosphere properties.
中文翻译：
评估高分辨率传输吸收光谱校正中的残余偏差
语境。近年来，将观测到的凌日吸收光谱除以针对无大气行星凌日计算的合成吸收光谱已成为常见的做法。据推测，这一行动纠正了观测到的吸收光谱，使唯一的大气吸收特征不受恒星旋转和中心到边缘变化引起的偏差的影响。我们的目的是表明，虽然这种做法是有益的，但它并不能完全纠正恒星扭曲的吸收光谱，并且仍然存在一些残余偏差，留下可能改变的大气特征。方法。通过将问题简化为最基本的形式，我们表明将观测到的吸收光谱除以行星的合成吸收光谱并不能分离出纯大气吸收特征。我们还使用模拟综合凌日观测来评估典型凌日观测中这些残余偏差的大小。结果。我们表明，将观测到的吸收光谱除以行星吸收光谱会产生由大气层后面的通量与行星后面的通量之比调制的大气特征。由于恒星光谱的非均匀性，这会导致大气特征的扭曲。最终，直接分析这些有偏差的特征将导致对行星大气特性的错误估计。
更新日期：2024-08-22
中文翻译：
评估高分辨率传输吸收光谱校正中的残余偏差
语境。近年来，将观测到的凌日吸收光谱除以针对无大气行星凌日计算的合成吸收光谱已成为常见的做法。据推测，这一行动纠正了观测到的吸收光谱，使唯一的大气吸收特征不受恒星旋转和中心到边缘变化引起的偏差的影响。我们的目的是表明，虽然这种做法是有益的，但它并不能完全纠正恒星扭曲的吸收光谱，并且仍然存在一些残余偏差，留下可能改变的大气特征。方法。通过将问题简化为最基本的形式，我们表明将观测到的吸收光谱除以行星的合成吸收光谱并不能分离出纯大气吸收特征。我们还使用模拟综合凌日观测来评估典型凌日观测中这些残余偏差的大小。结果。我们表明，将观测到的吸收光谱除以行星吸收光谱会产生由大气层后面的通量与行星后面的通量之比调制的大气特征。由于恒星光谱的非均匀性，这会导致大气特征的扭曲。最终，直接分析这些有偏差的特征将导致对行星大气特性的错误估计。
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