Two experiments were conducted to test the hypotheses that particle size of field peas and location where peas are grown do not affect apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients and gross energy, digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and net energy (NE), apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of starch, or standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA). In both experiments, 3 sources of field peas were used. One source was obtained from the United States and 2 sources were obtained from Canada (i.e., Canada 1 and Canada 2). The U.S. field peas were ground to 678, 457, or 265 µm, whereas the 2 sources of Canadian peas were ground to 411 and 415 µm, respectively. Therefore, 5 batches of field peas were used in both experiments. A basal diet contained corn and soybean meal as the only source of energy, starch, and AA, and 5 diets containing corn and soybean meal and 50% of each source of field peas were also formulated. The ratio between corn and soybean meal was 1.92:1 in all diets. In experiment 1, an N-free diet was also used to calculate basal endogenous losses of AA and CP, but in experiment 2, no N-free diet was used. In experiment 1, 7 barrows (initial body weight = 60.6 ± 2.1 kg) that had a T-cannula installed in the distal ileum were allotted to a 7 × 7 Latin square design with 7 diets and 7 periods. In experiment 2, 24 pigs (initial body weight = 30.8 ± 1.0 kg) were housed in 6 calorimeter chambers with 4 pigs per chamber. The 6 chambers were allotted to one of the 6 diets using a 6 × 6 Latin square design with 6 consecutive periods of 15 d. Results of experiment 1 demonstrated that the SID of CP and AA was not influenced by the origin of the peas or by the particle size, but the AID of starch increased (linear, P < 0.001) as particle size was reduced from 678 to 457 or 265 µm. Results of experiment 2 indicated that growing location did not affect concentrations of DE, ME, or NE of field peas, but concentrations of DE, ME, and NE increased (linear, P < 0.05) when particle size was reduced from 678 to 457 or 265 µm. In conclusion, field peas grown in Canada or the United States have the same nutritional value, but starch digestibility and NE increase if the particle size of field peas is reduced.

中文翻译：

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小粒径的豌豆 （Pisum sativum L.） 在喂给生长中的猪时增加了淀粉的净能量和消化率，但美国豌豆和加拿大豌豆的营养价值没有差异


进行了两个实验来检验以下假设：大田豌豆的粒径和豌豆的生长位置不会影响营养物质的表观总消化率和总能、消化能 （DE）、代谢能 （ME） 和净能 （NE）、淀粉的表观回肠消化率 （AID） 或粗蛋白 （CP） 和氨基酸 （AA） 的标准化回肠消化率 （SID）。在这两个实验中，都使用了 3 种来源的豌豆。1 个来源来自美国，2 个来源来自加拿大（即加拿大 1 和加拿大 2）。美国大田豌豆研磨至 678、457 或 265 μm，而加拿大豌豆的 2 个来源分别研磨至 411 μm 和 415 μm。因此，两个实验均使用 5 批次的豌豆。基础日粮以玉米和豆粕为唯一的能量来源、淀粉和 AA，还制定了 5 种含有玉米和豆粕的日粮以及每种来源的 50% 的田间豌豆。在所有饮食中，玉米和豆粕之间的比例为 1.92：1。在实验 1 中，也使用无 N 饮食来计算 AA 和 CP 的基础内源性损失，但在实验 2 中，没有使用无 N 饮食。在实验 1 中，在回肠远端安装了 T 套管的 7 个小窝 （初始体重 = 60.6 ± 2.1 kg） 被分配到具有 7 个饮食和 7 个周期的 7 × 7 拉丁方形设计。在实验 2 中，将 24 头猪（初始体重 = 30.8 ± 1.0 kg）饲养在 6 个量热仪室中，每个腔室 4 头猪。使用 6 × 6 拉丁方形设计将 6 个腔室分配给 6 种饮食中的一种，具有 6 个连续的 15 天周期。 实验 1 的结果表明，CP 和 AA 的 SID 不受豌豆来源或粒径的影响，但随着粒径从 678 减小到 457 或 265 μm，淀粉的 AID 增加（线性，P < 0.001）。实验 2 的结果表明，生长位置不会影响大田豌豆的 DE、ME 或 NE 浓度，但当粒径从 678 减小到 457 或 265 μm 时，DE、ME 和 NE 的浓度增加（线性，P < 0.05）。总之，在加拿大或美国种植的豌豆具有相同的营养价值，但如果减小豌豆的粒径，淀粉消化率和 NE 会增加。