An eight-year satellite observation dataset reveals that sulfate aerosols significantly influence the vertical structure of precipitation and latent heat (LH) in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region during summer. In this period, prevalent sulfate aerosols combine with warm, humid southerly winds and elevated convective available potential energy (CAPE), influencing precipitation dynamics. Under polluted conditions with specific CAPE and precipitation top temperature (PTT) ranges, precipitation particles experience accelerated growth within the mixed-phase layer, delineated by the −5 °C to 2 °C isotherms, compared to pristine environments. This results in a marked increase in both the intensity and height at which the maximum LH is released. Subsequent analysis reveals that hygroscopic sulfate aerosols, acting as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), amplify the collision-coalescence process within the mixed layer amid high cloud water content, propelling rapid precipitation particle growth and elevating the PTT. This warming effect surpasses the cooling contribution from robust CAPE, culminating in a net elevation of PTT under polluted scenarios compared to pristine ones. Additionally, quantification of PTT sensitivity to both CAPE and aerosol optical depth (AOD) unveils a high consistency between satellite-detected PTT responses to CAPE and those predicted by cloud-resolving model simulations. The study deduces that the role of aerosols as CCN in either invigorating or diminishing the collision-coalescence process is contingent on the available cloud water.

八年卫星观测数据表明，硫酸盐气溶胶显着影响京津冀地区夏季降水和潜热（LH）的垂直结构。在此期间，普遍存在的硫酸盐气溶胶与温暖潮湿的南风和对流可用势能（CAPE）升高相结合，影响降水动态。在具有特定 CAPE 和降水最高温度 (PTT) 范围的污染条件下，与原始环境相比，降水颗粒在混合相层内加速生长，由 -5 °C 至 2 °C 等温线描绘。这导致最大 LH 释放的强度和高度显着增加。随后的分析表明，吸湿性硫酸盐气溶胶作为云凝结核（CCN），在高云含水量的情况下放大了混合层内的碰撞聚结过程，推动降水颗粒快速生长并提高PTT。这种变暖效应超过了强劲的 CAPE 带来的降温作用，最终导致污染场景下的 PTT 与原始场景相比出现净升高。此外，PTT 对 CAPE 和气溶胶光学深度 (AOD) 敏感度的量化揭示了卫星检测到的 CAPE PTT 响应与云解析模型模拟预测的响应之间的高度一致性。研究推断，气溶胶作为 CCN 在增强或减弱碰撞聚结过程中的作用取决于可用的云水。