Self-determination theory (SDT) is a compelling framework for understanding the psychological environment and explaining human motivation. This is especially crucial in school physical education (PE), given that the psychological environment within PE has been demonstrated to be closely related to the formation of physical activity motivation and behaviors. Advancing current knowledge and implementing a longitudinal approach, the aim of this study was, first, to investigate longitudinal changes in psychological needs and motivational regulation, and second, to examine the role of needs in the development of motivational regulation among PE students. A sample of 1148 Finnish adolescents (583 girls, 565 boys, Mage = 11.27 ± 0.32) participated in annual assessments three times. A latent growth model analysis was used to examine the longitudinal associations between the outcome variables, namely psychological needs and motivational regulation. The results indicated that needs satisfaction (α2 range −0.20[0.03] to −0.06[0.02]), intrinsic motivation (α2 = −0.38[0.03]), and identified regulation (α2 = −0.19[0.03]) declined, whereas external regulation (α2 = 0.16[0.02]) and amotivation (α2 = 0.09[0.02]) increased. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that psychological needs significantly predicted autonomous forms of motivational regulation (intrinsic motivation R2 = 0.72[0.13]; identified regulation R2 = 0.69[0.20]). Conversely, positive changes in autonomy (β = −0.29[0.13]) and relatedness (β = −0.45[0.22]) accounted for the negative changes in amotivation ( R2 = 0.62[0.22]). In conclusion, the findings of the study corroborated the central postulations of SDT, providing empirical evidence of the importance of psychological needs in the development of motivation in PE.

中文翻译：

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体育教育中的心理需求满足预示着青春期早期动机的积极发展：潜在成长模型研究


自我决定理论（SDT）是理解心理环境和解释人类动机的一个令人信服的框架。这在学校体育中尤为重要，因为体育中的心理环境已被证明与体育活动动机和行为的形成密切相关。为了推进现有知识并实施纵向方法，本研究的目的首先是调查心理需求和动机调节的纵向变化，其次是研究需求在​​体育学生动机调节发展中的作用。 1148 名芬兰青少年的样本（583 名女孩，565 名男孩，男年龄=11.27±0.32）参加年度考核3次。使用潜在增长模型分析来检查结果变量（即心理需求和动机调节）之间的纵向关联。结果表明，需求满足（α 2范围−0.20[0.03]至−0.06[0.02]），内在动机（α 2 = −0.38[0.03])，并确定调节 (α 2 = −0.19[0.03]) 下降，而外部监管 (α 2 = 0.16[0.02]) 和动机 (α 2 = 0.09[0.02]) 增加。此外，结果表明，心理需求显着预测动机调节的自主形式（内在动机 R 2 = 0.72[0.13]；确定的调节R 2 = 0.69[0.20]）。相反，自主性 (β = -0.29[0.13]) 和相关性 (β = -0.45[0.22]) 的积极变化导致了动机的消极变化 ( R 2 = 0.62[0.22]）。 总之，研究结果证实了 SDT 的中心假设，为心理需求在体育动机发展中的重要性提供了经验证据。