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A 256 × 192 -Pixel Direct Time-of-Flight LiDAR Receiver With a Current-Integrating-Based AFE Supporting 240-m-Range Imaging
IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2024-08-21 , DOI: 10.1109/jssc.2024.3440475
Chaorui Zou 1 , Yaozhong Ou 1 , Yan Zhu 1 , Rui P. Martins 1 , Chi-Hang Chan 1 , Minglei Zhang 1
Affiliation  

This article presents a direct time-of-flight (DToF) LiDAR with a current-integrating-based analog frontend (AFE), performing long-range (LR) and high-quality imaging. A current-integrating-based transimpedance amplifier (CI-TIA) facilitates a direct current-to-pulse conversion, which not only achieves superior transimpedance gain and noise performance but also adaptively compensates the background-light-induced direct current to alleviate the dynamic range (DR) obstacle in the LR LiDARs. Benefiting from the pulse manner output of the CI-TIA, a pulse position and width converter (PPWC) utilizes lightweight counters to provide the time and intensity information simultaneously, while the latter compensates for the walk error in time intrinsically. Furthermore, the intensity is used to adapt the accumulation window size to improve the imaging quality under high intensity. The prototype LiDAR receiver is fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process, which achieves a consistent distance error of <1 cm and precision of <0.09% for up to 240-m measurements. It demonstrates a $256{\times } 192$ -pixel resolution imaging at 30 frames per second (fps) with the assistance of a scanning system.

中文翻译:


一个 256 × 192 像素直接飞行时间 LiDAR 接收器,带有基于 240 m 范围成像的基于电流积分的 AFE



本文介绍了一种直接飞行时间 (DToF) LiDAR,它带有基于电流积分的模拟前端 (AFE),可执行远距离 (LR) 和高质量成像。基于电流积分的跨阻放大器 (CI-TIA) 促进了直流到脉冲的转换,这不仅实现了卓越的跨阻增益和噪声性能,而且还自适应地补偿了背景光感应的直流电,以缓解 LR LiDAR 中的动态范围 (DR) 障碍。得益于 CI-TIA 的脉冲方式输出,脉冲位置和宽度转换器 (PPWC) 利用轻量级计数器同时提供时间和强度信息,而后者则从本质上补偿了时间上的行走误差。此外,该强度用于调整累积窗口大小,以提高高强度下的成像质量。原型 LiDAR 接收器采用 65 nm CMOS 工艺制造,可实现 <1 cm 的一致距离误差和 <0.09% 的精度,可进行长达 240 m 的测量。它演示了在扫描系统的帮助下以每秒 30 帧 (fps) 的速度进行 $256{\times } 192$ 像素分辨率的成像。
更新日期:2024-08-21
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