Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have shown tremendous potential in reshaping the landscape of wireless communications and are, therefore, widely expected to be an indispensable part of the next-generation wireless network. This article presents an overview of how AI/ML and wireless communications interact synergistically to improve system performance and provides useful tips and tricks on realizing such performance gains when training AI/ML models. In particular, we discuss in detail the use of AI/ML to revolutionize key physical layer and lower medium access control (MAC) layer functionalities in traditional wireless communication systems. In addition, we provide a comprehensive overview of the AI/ML-enabled semantic communication systems, including key techniques from data generation to transmission. We also investigate the role of AI/ML as an optimization tool to facilitate the design of efficient resource allocation algorithms in wireless communication networks at both bit and semantic levels. Finally, we analyze major challenges and roadblocks in applying AI/ML in practical wireless system design and share our thoughts and insights on potential solutions.

中文翻译：

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AI 赋能的无线通信：从比特到语义


人工智能 （AI） 和机器学习 （ML） 在重塑无线通信格局方面显示出巨大潜力，因此被广泛认为将成为下一代无线网络不可或缺的一部分。本文概述了 AI/ML 和无线通信如何协同交互以提高系统性能，并提供了在训练 AI/ML 模型时实现此类性能提升的有用提示和技巧。特别是，我们详细讨论了使用 AI/ML 来彻底改变传统无线通信系统中的关键物理层和低级介质访问控制 （MAC） 层功能。此外，我们还全面概述了支持 AI/ML 的语义通信系统，包括从数据生成到传输的关键技术。我们还研究了 AI/ML 作为优化工具的作用，以促进在无线通信网络中在位和语义级别设计高效的资源分配算法。最后，我们分析了在实际无线系统设计中应用 AI/ML 的主要挑战和障碍，并分享了我们对潜在解决方案的想法和见解。