Introduction Drowning is the cause of approximately 4,000 U.S. deaths each year and disproportionately affects some age, racial, and ethnic groups. Infrastructure disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic, including limited access to supervised swimming settings, might have affected drowning rates and risk. Data on factors that contribute to drowning risk are limited. To assess the potential impact of the pandemic on drowning death rates, pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic rates were compared. Methods National Vital Statistics System data were used to compare unintentional drowning death rates in 2019 (pre-COVID-19 pandemic onset) with those in 2020, 2021, and 2022 (post-pandemic onset) by age, sex, and race and ethnicity. National probability-based online panel survey (National Center for Health Statistics Rapid Surveys System) data from October-November 2023 were used to describe adults' self-reported swimming skill, swimming lesson participation, and exposure to recreational water. Results Unintentional drowning death rates were significantly higher during 2020, 2021, and 2022 compared with those in 2019. In all years, rates were highest among children aged 1-4 years; significant increases occurred in most age groups. The highest drowning rates were among non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native and non-Hispanic Black or African American persons. Approximately one half (54.7%) of U.S. adults reported never having taken a swimming lesson. Swimming skill and swimming lesson participation differed by age, sex, and race and ethnicity. Conclusions and Implications for Public Health Practice Recent increases in drowning rates, including those among populations already at high risk, have increased the urgency of implementing prevention strategies. Basic swimming and water safety skills training can reduce the risk for drowning. Addressing social and structural barriers that limit access to this training might reduce drowning deaths and inequities. The U.S. National Water Safety Action Plan provides recommendations and tools for communities and organizations to enhance basic swimming and water safety skills training.

中文翻译：

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生命体征：溺水死亡率、自我报告的游泳技能、游泳课程参与情况和娱乐用水暴露量 - 美国，2019-2023 年。


简介 溺水每年导致美国约 4,000 人死亡，并且对某些年龄、种族和族裔群体的影响尤为严重。 COVID-19 大流行期间基础设施中断，包括进入受监督的游泳场所受到限制，可能会影响溺水率和风险。有关导致溺水风险的因素的数据有限。为了评估大流行对溺水死亡率的潜在影响，比较了 COVID-19 大流行之前和之后的溺水死亡率。方法 使用国家生命统计系统数据按年龄、性别、种族和民族比较 2019 年（COVID-19 大流行爆发前）与 2020 年、2021 年和 2022 年（大流行爆发后）的意外溺水死亡率。使用 2023 年 10 月至 11 月全国基于概率的在线小组调查（国家卫生统计中心快速调查系统）数据来描述成年人自我报告的游泳技能、游泳课参与情况以及接触娱乐用水的情况。结果 与2019年相比，2020年、2021年和2022年意外溺水死亡率显着升高。各年份中，1-4岁儿童的意外溺水死亡率最高；大多数年龄组均出现显着增加。溺水率最高的是非西班牙裔美洲印第安人或阿拉斯加原住民以及非西班牙裔黑人或非裔美国人。大约一半（54.7%）的美国成年人表示从未上过游泳课。游泳技能和游泳课参与情况因年龄、性别、种族和民族而异。结论和对公共卫生实践的影响 最近溺水率的上升，包括已经处于高危人群中的溺水率的上升，增加了实施预防策略的紧迫性。 基本的游泳和水上安全技能培训可以降低溺水风险。解决限制获得这种培训的社会和结构性障碍可能会减少溺水死亡和不平等现象。美国国家水上安全行动计划为社区和组织提供建议和工具，以加强基本游泳和水上安全技能培训。