Behavioral strategies for survival rely on the updates the brain continuously makes based on the surrounding environment. External stimuli—neutral, positive, and negative—relay core information to the brain, where a complex anatomical network rapidly organizes actions, including approach or escape, and regulates emotions. Human neuroimaging and physiology in nonhuman primates, rodents, and teleosts suggest a pivotal role of the lateral habenula in translating external information into survival behaviors. Here, we review the literature describing how discrete habenular modules—reflecting the molecular signatures, anatomical connectivity, and functional components—are recruited by environmental stimuli and cooperate to prompt specific behavioral outcomes. We argue that integration of these findings in the context of valence processing for reinforcing or discouraging behaviors is necessary, offering a compelling model to guide future work.

中文翻译：

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外侧缰核模块化组织的行为相关性


生存的行为策略依赖于大脑根据周围环境不断做出的更新。外部刺激——中性的、积极的和消极的——将核心信息传递给大脑，大脑中复杂的解剖网络迅速组织行动，包括接近或逃跑，并调节情绪。非人类灵长类动物、啮齿类动物和硬骨鱼的人类神经影像学和生理学表明，外侧缰核在将外部信息转化为生存行为方面发挥着关键作用。在这里，我们回顾了描述离散缰核模块（反映分子特征、解剖连接性和功能组件）如何通过环境刺激招募并合作以促进特定行为结果的文献。我们认为，有必要将这些发现整合到强化或抑制行为的效价处理背景中，从而提供一个令人信服的模型来指导未来的工作。