Thermal refugia reinforce macroalgal resilience against climate change in the southeastern Bay of Biscay,Global Change Biology

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Thermal refugia reinforce macroalgal resilience against climate change in the southeastern Bay of Biscay
Global Change Biology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2024-08-20 , DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17481
O Arriaga ₁ , P Wawrzynkowski _{2,

3} , N Muguerza ₁ , I Díez ₁ , J González ₁ , J M Gorostiaga ₁ , E Quintano ₁ , M A Becerro ₂

Affiliation

Rising global temperatures present unprecedented challenges to marine ecosystems, demanding a profound understanding of their ecological dynamics for effective conservation strategies. Over a comprehensive macroalgal assessment spanning three decades, we investigated the spatiotemporal evolution of shallow-water benthic communities in the southern Bay of Biscay, uncovering climate-resilient areas amidst the ongoing phase shift in the region. Our investigation identified seven locations serving as potential climate refugia, where cold-affinity, canopy-forming macroalgal species persisted and community structure was similar to that observed in 1991. We unveiled a clear association between the emergence of these refugia, sea surface temperature (SST), and the Community Temperature Index, positioning SST as a significant driver of the observed phase shift in the region. Warming processes, defined as tropicalization (increase of warm-affinity species) and deborealization (decrease of cold-affinity species), were prominent outside refugia. In contrast, cooling processes, defined as borealization (increase of cold-affinity species) and detropicalization (decrease of warm-affinity species), prevailed inside refugia. Refugia exhibited approximately 35% lower warming processes compared to non-refuge areas. This resulted in a dominance of warm-affinity species outside refugia, contrasting with the stability observed within refugia. The persistence of canopy-forming species in refuge areas significantly contributed to maintaining ecosystem diversity and stability. These findings underscored the pivotal role of climate refugia in mitigating climate-driven impacts. Prioritizing the protection and restoration of these refugia can foster resilience and ensure the preservation of biodiversity for future generations. Our study illustrates the importance of refining our understanding of how marine ecosystems respond to climate change, offering actionable insights essential for informed conservation strategies and sustainable environmental management.

中文翻译：

热庇护所增强了比斯开湾东南部大型藻类对气候变化的抵御能力

全球气温上升给海洋生态系统带来了前所未有的挑战，需要深入了解其生态动态才能制定有效的保护策略。通过跨越三十年的综合大型藻类评估，我们调查了比斯开湾南部浅水底栖群落的时空演化，发现了该地区持续相变中的气候适应区域。我们的调查确定了七个地点作为潜在的气候保护区，其中亲冷、形成树冠的大型藻类物种持续存在，群落结构与 1991 年观察到的相似。我们揭示了这些保护区的出现、海面温度 (SST) 之间存在明确的关联。）和社区温度指数，将海表温度定位为该地区观测到的相移的重要驱动因素。变暖过程被定义为热带化（亲热性物种的增加）和北寒性化（亲冷性物种的减少），在保护区外很突出。相比之下，避难所内盛行冷却过程，定义为北化（亲冷物种增加）和去热带化（亲热物种减少）。与非保护区相比，保护区的变暖过程大约低 35%。这导致避难所外的暖亲和物种占主导地位，与避难所内观察到的稳定性形成鲜明对比。保护区内树冠形成物种的持续存在对维持生态系统的多样性和稳定性做出了重大贡献。这些发现强调了气候庇护所在减轻气候驱动影响方面的关键作用。优先保护和恢复这些保护区可以增强抵御能力，并确保为子孙后代保护生物多样性。我们的研究说明了加深我们对海洋生态系统如何应对气候变化的理解的重要性，为明智的保护战略和可持续环境管理提供了必要的可行见解。

更新日期：2024-08-21

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