While the impacts of shared micromobility (SMM) on the environment and transport systems are being extensively researched, its societal implications and the influence of the social environment on the use of SMM remain largely unexplored. In this research, we investigate the interrelationships between the use of SMM, perceived overall accessibility, and social capital. We focus on two types of SMM – shared bikes and shared e-scooters – in three European countries: the Netherlands, England, and Sweden. We measure perceived overall accessibility through a multicriteria subjective evaluation of individuals’ ability to reach regular destinations, services, and activities. We consider multidimensional social capital measures: social trust, cooperativeness, reciprocity, network bonding, and network bridging. We use multivariate models to investigate the associations between perceived overall accessibility, SMM use, and social capital, and examine the dominant direction of these associations using the direct linear non-Gaussian acyclic model (DirectLiNGAM) and direction dependence analysis (DDA). We find that lower levels of perceived overall accessibility may contribute to lower levels of social trust, reciprocity, and cooperativeness. However, individuals with a lower level of perceived overall accessibility tend to use shared bikes more frequently, which in turn, may increase their social trust and cooperativeness. We also find that increased shared e-scooter use may contribute to increased network bonding, yet the frequency of use has no relation with perceived overall accessibility. Our research suggests that the introduction of shared bikes alone, independent of other measures aimed at encouraging their use, may help mitigate individual differences in social capital. We argue that the applied DirectLiNGAM and DDA help gain deeper insights into the likely causal relationship between transport and social capital in non-intervention studies.

虽然共享微出行 (SMM) 对环境和交通系统的影响正在被广泛研究，但其社会影响以及社会环境对 SMM 使用的影响在很大程度上仍未得到探索。在这项研究中，我们调查了 SMM 的使用、感知的整体可达性和社会资本之间的相互关系。我们专注于荷兰、英国和瑞典这三个欧洲国家的两种类型的 SMM——共享自行车和共享电动滑板车。我们通过对个人到达常规目的地、服务和活动的能力进行多标准主观评估来衡量感知的整体可达性。我们考虑多维社会资本衡量标准：社会信任、合作、互惠、网络联结和网络桥接。我们使用多元模型来研究感知整体可达性、SMM 使用和社会资本之间的关联，并使用直接线性非高斯非循环模型 (DirectLiNGAM) 和方向依赖分析 (DDA) 检查这些关联的主导方向。我们发现，感知的整体可达性水平较低可能会导致社会信任、互惠和合作水平较低。然而，总体可及性感知水平较低的个人往往更频繁地使用共享单车，这反过来可能会增加他们的社会信任和合作性。我们还发现，共享电动滑板车使用的增加可能有助于增加网络联系，但使用频率与感知的整体可访问性无关。我们的研究表明，单独引入共享自行车，而不考虑其他旨在鼓励其使用的措施，可能有助于减轻社会资本的个体差异。 我们认为，应用 DirectLiNGAM 和 DDA 有助于更深入地了解非干预研究中交通与社会资本之间可能的因果关系。