This study utilized a pilot-scale distribution network to examine the impact of temperature increases (16 °C, 20 °C, 24 °C) and source variations (treated ground- and surface water) on bulk and biofilm communities over 137 days. Microbial characterization employed flow cytometry and 16 S rRNA gene-based amplicon sequencing to elucidate bulk-biofilm interactions. Bacterial bulk cell densities increased with higher temperatures, while water source variations significantly influenced bulk cell densities as well as the community composition. Additionally, growth curves were fitted on the flow cytometry results, and growth rates and carrying capacities were higher with treated groundwater at elevated temperatures. Conversely, biofilm cell densities remained unaffected by temperature. A mature biofilm was observed from day 70 onwards and a core biofilm microbiome, resilient to temperature and water source changes, was identified. These findings emphasize the importance of water source quality for maintaining biological stability in drinking water systems, particularly in the face of changing environmental conditions.

本研究利用中试规模的分配网络来研究 137 天内温度升高（16°C、20°C、24°C）和水源变化（经过处理的地下水和地表水）对主体和生物膜群落的影响。微生物表征采用流式细胞术和基于 16 S rRNA 基因的扩增子测序来阐明本体生物膜相互作用。细菌整体细胞密度随着温度升高而增加，而水源变化显着影响整体细胞密度以及群落组成。此外，根据流式细胞仪结果拟合了生长曲线，在高温下处理过的地下水的生长速率和承载能力更高。相反，生物膜细胞密度不受温度影响。从第 70 天起观察到成熟的生物膜，并确定了对温度和水源变化有弹性的核心生物膜微生物组。这些发现强调了水源质量对于维持饮用水系统生物稳定性的重要性，特别是在面对不断变化的环境条件时。