Based on the cognitive-ecological approach and on logical-functional principles, in 12 studies (11 preregistered), we examine the novel hypotheses that psychological distance and construal level (CL) are associated in people's minds with stimulus speed: the psychologically distant/abstract is slow, and the psychologically close/concrete is fast. The findings support our expectations. Study Set I examined the association between psychological distance and speed. Findings show that psychological distance is implicitly and explicitly associated with speed (Study 1), that psychological distance is seen as compatible with slow and proximity with fast (Study 2), that stimulus psychological distance affects its perceived speed (Study 3), and that stimulus speed affects its psychological distance (Study 4). Study Set II examined the association between construal level and speed. Findings show that construal level is explicitly associated with speed (Study 5), that abstract is seen as compatible with slow and concrete with fast (Study 6), that natural language word distribution structures reflect an association between abstractness and speed (Study 7), that construal level affects speed (Study 8), and that speed affects stimulus construal level (Study 9). Study Set III examined implications for communication and person perception. Findings suggest that slow-paced (vs. fast-paced) speech is associated with larger perceived spatial and social distance between speaker and audience and larger audiences (Studies 10a, 10b) and that people infer an expansive (contractive) regulatory scope from slow-paced (fast-paced) spoken messages (Study 11). We elaborate on possible mechanisms and their theoretical and practical implications in domains including decision making and urban design. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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心理距离的诗歌：刺激速度与其心理距离和解释水平之间的双向关联。


基于认知生态学方法和逻辑功能原理，在 12 项研究（11 项已预先注册）中，我们检验了新的假设，即心理距离和解释水平 (CL) 在人们的头脑中与刺激速度相关：心理上的距离/抽象慢，心理上的接近/具体快。研究结果支持我们的期望。研究集 I 检查了心理距离和速度之间的关联。研究结果表明，心理距离与速度隐式和显式相关（研究 1），心理距离被视为与慢速兼容，接近与快兼容（研究 2），刺激心理距离影响其感知速度（研究 3），并且刺激速度影响其心理距离（研究4）。研究集 II 检查了解释水平和速度之间的关联。研究结果表明，解释水平与速度明确相关（研究 5），抽象被认为与慢速兼容，具体与快速兼容（研究 6），自然语言单词分布结构反映了抽象性和速度之间的关联（研究 7），解释水平影响速度（研究 8），而速度影响刺激解释水平（研究 9）。研究集 III 检查了对沟通和人的感知的影响。研究结果表明，慢节奏（相对于快节奏）的演讲与演讲者和听众之间以及更大的听众之间更大的感知空间和社交距离有关（研究 10a、10b），并且人们从慢节奏的演讲中推断出扩大（收缩）的监管范围。节奏（快节奏）的口头信息（研究 11）。我们详细阐述了可能的机制及其在决策和城市设计等领域的理论和实践意义。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。