The internalizing construct captures shared variance underlying risk for mood and anxiety disorders. Internalizing factors based on diagnoses (or symptoms) of major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are well established. Studies have also integrated self-reported measures of associated traits (e.g., questionnaires assessing neuroticism, worry, and rumination) onto these factors, despite having not tested the assumption that these measures truly capture the same sets of risk factors. This study examined the overlap among both sets of measures using converging approaches. First, using genomic structural equation modeling, we constructed internalizing factors based on genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of internalizing diagnoses (e.g., MDD) and traits associated with internalizing (neuroticism, loneliness, and reverse-scored subjective well-being). Results indicated the two factors were highly (rg = .79) but not perfectly genetically correlated (rg < 1.0, p < .001). Second, we constructed similar latent factors in a combined twin/adoption sample of adults from the Colorado Adoption/Twin Study of Lifespan Behavioral Development and Cognitive Aging. Again, both factors demonstrated strong overlap at the level of genetic (rg = .76, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.40, 0.97]) and nonshared environmental influences (re = .80, 95% CI [0.53, 1.0]). Shared environmental influences were estimated near zero for both factors. Our findings are consistent with current frameworks of psychopathology, though they suggest there are some unique genetic influences captured by internalizing diagnosis compared to trait measures, with potentially more nonadditive genetic influences on trait measures. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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使用基因组和双胞胎/收养方法的内化精神病理学和相关自我报告测量之间存在很强的遗传相关性的证据。


内化结构捕捉了情绪和焦虑症潜在风险的共同差异。基于重度抑郁症（MDD）和广泛性焦虑症（GAD）的诊断（或症状）的内化因素已得到充分证实。研究还将相关特征的自我报告测量（例如，评估神经质、担忧和沉思的问卷）整合到这些因素中，尽管没有测试这些测量真正捕获相同风险因素集的假设。本研究使用聚合方法检查了两组措施之间的重叠。首先，使用基因组结构方程模型，我们基于内化诊断（例如MDD）的全基因组关联研究（GWAS）和与内化相关的特征（神经质、孤独感和反向评分的主观幸福感）构建了内化因素。结果表明，这两个因素高度相关 (rg = .79)，但并不完全具有遗传相关性 (rg < 1.0，p < .001)。其次，我们在科罗拉多州收养/双胞胎寿命行为发展和认知衰老研究的双胞胎/收养成年人合并样本中构建了类似的潜在因素。同样，这两个因素在遗传水平（rg = .76，95% 置信区间 [CI] [0.40, 0.97]）和非共享环境影响（re = .80，95% CI [0.53, 1.0]）方面表现出很强的重叠性。 。据估计，这两个因素的共同环境影响接近于零。我们的研究结果与当前的精神病理学框架一致，尽管它们表明与特征测量相比，内化诊断捕获了一些独特的遗传影响，并且对特征测量可能有更多的非加性遗传影响。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。