Sensitive caregiving behavior, which involves the ability to notice, interpret, and quickly respond to a child's signals of need and/or interest, is a central determinant of secure child-caregiver attachment. Yet, significant heterogeneity in effect sizes exists across the literature, and sources of heterogeneity have yet to be explained. For all child-caregiver dyads, there was a significant and positive pooled association between caregiver sensitivity and parent-child attachment (r = .25, 95% CI [.22, .28], k = 174, 230 effect sizes, N = 22,914). We also found a positive association between maternal sensitivity and child attachment security (r = .26, 95% CI [.22, .29], k = 159, 202 effect sizes, N = 21,483), which was equivalent in magnitude to paternal sensitivity and child attachment security (r = .21, 95% CI [.14, 27], k = 22, 23 effect sizes, N = 1,626). Maternal sensitivity was also negatively associated with all three classifications of insecure attachment (avoidant: k = 43, r = -.24 [-.34, -.13]; resistant: k = 43, r = -.12 [-.19, -.06]; disorganized: k = 24, r = -.19 [-.27, -.11]). For maternal sensitivity, associations were larger in studies that used the Attachment Q-Sort (vs. the Strange Situation), used the Maternal Behavior Q-Sort (vs. Ainsworth or Emotional Availability Scales), had strong (vs. poor) interrater measurement reliability, had a longer observation of sensitivity, and had less time elapse between assessments. For paternal sensitivity, associations were larger in older (vs. younger) fathers and children. These findings confirm the importance of both maternal and paternal sensitivity for the development of child attachment security and add understanding of the methodological and substantive factors that allow this effect to be observed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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母亲和父亲的敏感性：通过荟萃分析检查儿童依恋安全的关键决定因素。


敏感的看护行为涉及注意、解释和快速响应儿童的需要和/或兴趣信号的能力，是安全的儿童看护者依恋的核心决定因素。然而，文献中存在着效应大小的显着异质性，并且异质性的来源尚未得到解释。对于所有儿童-看护者二元组，看护者敏感性与亲子依恋之间存在显着且正向的汇总关联（r = .25，95% CI [.22, .28]，k = 174，230 效应量，N = 22,914）。我们还发现母亲敏感性与儿童依恋安全感之间存在正相关（r = .26, 95% CI [.22, .29], k = 159, 202 效应大小，N = 21,483），其大小与父亲的敏感性相当敏感性和儿童依恋安全性（r = .21，95% CI [.14, 27]，k = 22，23 个效应量，N = 1,626）。母亲敏感性也与所有三种不安全依恋类别呈负相关（回避型：k = 43，r = -.24 [-.34，-.13]；抵抗型：k = 43，r = -.12 [-.19 ，-.06]；杂乱无章：k = 24，r = -.19 [-.27，-.11]）。对于母亲敏感性，在使用依恋 Q 排序（相对于陌生情境）、使用母亲行为 Q 排序（相对于安斯沃斯或情绪可用性量表）、具有较强（相对于较差）的受试者间测量的研究中，关联性更大可靠性，对敏感性有更长的观察时间，并且评估之间的时间间隔更短。对于父亲敏感性，年长（相对于年轻）父亲和孩子的关联更大。这些发现证实了母亲和父亲的敏感性对于儿童依恋安全感的发展的重要性，并增加了对观察这种效应的方法和实质性因素的理解。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。