White people confuse Black faces more than their own-race faces. This is an example of the other-race effect, commonly measured by the other-race face recognition task. Like this task, the "Who said what?" paradigm uses within-race confusions in memory, but to measure social categorization strength. The former finds a strongly asymmetrical pattern of interrace perception, the other-race effect, yet the latter usually finds symmetrical patterns (equally strong categorization of own-race and other-race faces). In a "Who said what?" meta-analysis, racial categorization and individuation across races were only weakly asymmetrical (Study 1, n = 2,669). We aimed to resolve this empirical misalignment. As tested in other-race face recognition tasks, the weak asymmetry was not due to the limited number of portrait stimuli (Study 2, N = 99) nor to the longer duration of stimulus presentation in the "Who said what?" task (Study 4, n = 358). Pairing portraits with statements reduced the other-race effect (Study 3, n = 126). Showing each portrait repeatedly also reduced the other-race effect (Study 4, n = 358; Study 5, n = 470) but did not decrease infrahumanization of Black portraits (Study 6, n = 487). Consequently, presenting portraits only once in the "Who said what?" paradigm (Study 7, N = 112) resulted in strong interrace categorization and individuation asymmetries. This finding bridges a central conceptual gap between the other-race effect and social categorization strength. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

---

缩小种族认知研究中的概念差距：其他种族面部识别和“谁说什么？”的功能整合范式。


白人对黑人面孔的迷惑程度超过了对自己种族面孔的迷惑。这是其他种族效应的一个例子，通常通过其他种族人脸识别任务来衡量。就像这个任务一样，“谁说了什么？”范式使用记忆中的种族内混乱，但衡量社会分类的强度。前者发现了种族间感知的强烈不对称模式，即其他种族效应，而后者通常发现对称模式（本种族和其他种族面孔的同样强烈的分类）。在“谁说了什么？”中荟萃分析、种族分类和种族间的个体化只是微弱的不对称（研究 1，n = 2,669）。我们的目标是解决这种经验偏差。正如在其他种族人脸识别任务中测试的那样，弱不对称性并不是由于肖像刺激数量有限（研究 2，N = 99），也不是由于“谁说什么？”中刺激呈现的持续时间较长。任务（研究 4，n = 358）。将肖像与陈述配对可以减少其他种族效应（研究 3，n = 126）。反复展示每张肖像也减少了其他种族的影响（研究 4，n = 358；研究 5，n = 470），但并没有减少黑人肖像的非人性化（研究 6，n = 487）。因此，在“谁说了什么？”中只展示一次肖像。范式（研究 7，N = 112）导致了强烈的种族间分类和个体化不对称。这一发现弥合了其他种族效应和社会分类强度之间的核心概念差距。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。