Evaluating the impact of vegetation types and reclamation methods on soil organic carbon and nitrogen in carboniferous spoil heaps is critical for selecting the best vegetation type and reclamation method to improve ecosystem services in a changing climate. This paper presents the relationship between vegetation types (woodland, forbland, and grassland) and reclamation techniques (barren rock, topsoil application, succession, and cultivation) on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) in developing soils on carboniferous rocks in coal mine heaps. Soil samples were collected from the litter layer (Oi + Oe) and the A horizons (0–10 cm). The results revealed that vegetation types and reclamation methods significantly affected SOC and TN stocks. Woodland exhibited higher SOC and TN in the Oi + Oe horizons than other vegetation types. Topsoil application and cultivation resulted in the highest SOC and TN stocks in the A horizons (0–10 cm) under woodland and forbland compared to succession on bare carboniferous rock. In grassland, there was no significant difference in SOC stock under topsoil application and cultivation; however, significantly higher TN stock was observed in the 0–10 cm areas with topsoil application compared to succession on bare carboniferous rock. Based on the results, topsoil application is recommended to improve SOC if the mining site is restored using woodland. Conversely, grassland exhibits a similar amount of SOC stock with or without topsoil application. Considering the difficulty of obtaining topsoil, we suggest that grasses are optimal for SOC stock in the studied mining sites, followed by forbs.

中文翻译：

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石炭纪弃土堆中土壤有机碳和氮随植被类型和复垦处理的变化


评估植被类型和复垦方法对石炭纪弃土堆中土壤有机碳和氮的影响，对于选择最佳植被类型和复垦方法以改善气候变化中的生态系统服务至关重要。本文介绍了植被类型（林地、草原和草原）和复垦技术（贫瘠的岩石、表土施用、演替和耕作）对土壤有机碳 （SOC） 和总氮 （TN） 的关系，用于煤矿堆石炭纪岩石上的土壤发育。从凋落物层 （Oi + Oe） 和 A 层 （0-10 cm） 收集土壤样品。结果表明，植被类型和复垦方式对 SOC 和 TN 储量有显著影响。林地在 Oi + Oe 层位中表现出比其他植被类型更高的 SOC 和 TN。与裸露石炭纪岩石的演替相比，表土施用和耕作导致林地和草原下 A 层 （0-10 cm） 的 SOC 和 TN 储量最高。在草地上，表土施用和耕作下土壤有机碳储量无显著差异;然而，与裸露石炭纪岩石的连续相比，在施用表土的 0-10 cm 区域观察到 TN 储量显着更高。根据结果，如果利用林地恢复矿区，建议施用表土以改善 SOC。相反，草地在施用或不施用表土的情况下表现出相似数量的 SOC 储量。考虑到获得表土的难度，我们建议在所研究的矿区中，草是 SOC 存量的最佳选择，其次是杂草。